{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2055606096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-739x(94)90054-x","title":"Paragon specifications: Structure, analysis and implementation","display_name":"Paragon specifications: Structure, analysis and implementation","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2055606096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-739x(94)90054-x","mag":"2055606096"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-739x(94)90054-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-739x(94)90054-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186357190","display_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","issn_l":"0167-739X","issn":["0167-739X","1872-7115"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102853833","display_name":"Paul Anderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9804-804X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135696","display_name":"GrammaTech (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03mwfxd89","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135696"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Grammatech Inc., One Hopkins Place, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA","GrammaTech, Inc., Ithaca, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grammatech Inc., One Hopkins Place, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GrammaTech, Inc., Ithaca, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109884021","display_name":"David Bolton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Bolton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK","Department of Computer Science, City University, London,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University, London,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000319133","display_name":"Paul H. J. Kelly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5905-1804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul Kelly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2BZ, UK","Department of Computing, Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2BZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000319133"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":{"value":3340,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3340},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4655,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63883961,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"137","last_page":"148"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9220190048217773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rewriting","display_name":"Rewriting","score":0.874059796333313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.8316933512687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.6752750277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.5790854692459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5647383332252502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5633995532989502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5441060066223145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.48350122570991516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.43245941400527954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1247248649597168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.11023211479187012}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9220190048217773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154690210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1668499","display_name":"Rewriting","level":2,"score":0.874059796333313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.8316933512687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.6752750277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.5790854692459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5647383332252502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5633995532989502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5441060066223145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.48350122570991516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.43245941400527954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1247248649597168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.11023211479187012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-739x(94)90054-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-739x(94)90054-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186357190","display_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","issn_l":"0167-739X","issn":["0167-739X","1872-7115"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W598394737","https://openalex.org/W1557619244","https://openalex.org/W1569966513","https://openalex.org/W1584427852","https://openalex.org/W1694257200","https://openalex.org/W2082966098","https://openalex.org/W2090686886","https://openalex.org/W2151384546","https://openalex.org/W2283561960","https://openalex.org/W2483116820","https://openalex.org/W2490750870","https://openalex.org/W2501777234","https://openalex.org/W2916705105","https://openalex.org/W4206642870","https://openalex.org/W6633653487","https://openalex.org/W6634881169","https://openalex.org/W6637311098","https://openalex.org/W6682562344","https://openalex.org/W6695280369"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120204135","https://openalex.org/W1796293478","https://openalex.org/W174435416","https://openalex.org/W2168276503","https://openalex.org/W2139396251","https://openalex.org/W1577544887","https://openalex.org/W1573537275","https://openalex.org/W2105713543","https://openalex.org/W2060326792","https://openalex.org/W4303685585"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
