{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2049051028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-739x(87)90029-x","title":"Optical components for digital optical circuits","display_name":"Optical components for digital optical circuits","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2049051028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-739x(87)90029-x","mag":"2049051028"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-739x(87)90029-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-739x(87)90029-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186357190","display_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","issn_l":"0167-739X","issn":["0167-739X","1872-7115"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091101803","display_name":"B. S. Wherrett","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian S. Wherrett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom","Heriot Watt University  Edinburgh UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heriot Watt University  Edinburgh UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110093265","display_name":"S. D. Smith","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Desmond Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom","Heriot Watt University  Edinburgh UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heriot Watt University  Edinburgh UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038311202","display_name":"F. A. P. Tooley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank A.P. Tooley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom","Heriot Watt University  Edinburgh UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heriot Watt University  Edinburgh UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016013111","display_name":"Andrew Walker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7890-1779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew C. Walker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom","Heriot Watt University  Edinburgh UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heriot Watt University  Edinburgh UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"],"apc_list":{"value":3340,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3340},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16197423,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"253","last_page":"259"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8254625201225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-computing","display_name":"Optical computing","score":0.7245239615440369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.6270383596420288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistability","display_name":"Bistability","score":0.626244068145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-electronics","display_name":"Digital electronics","score":0.5034136176109314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-bistability","display_name":"Optical bistability","score":0.4738643169403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnection","display_name":"Interconnection","score":0.45619872212409973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.42519378662109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-switch","display_name":"Optical switch","score":0.41259878873825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3450942933559418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.26531386375427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2392493486404419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-optics","display_name":"Nonlinear optics","score":0.1725863814353943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.1680678129196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.14446067810058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09145376086235046}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8254625201225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148204187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176541","display_name":"Optical computing","level":2,"score":0.7245239615440369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.6270383596420288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97292510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2304620","display_name":"Bistability","level":2,"score":0.626244068145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81843906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173156","display_name":"Digital electronics","level":3,"score":0.5034136176109314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777277759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098832","display_name":"Optical bistability","level":4,"score":0.4738643169403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.45619872212409973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.42519378662109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101336846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105111","display_name":"Optical switch","level":2,"score":0.41259878873825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3450942933559418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26531386375427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2392493486404419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78854221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756033","display_name":"Nonlinear optics","level":3,"score":0.1725863814353943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.1680678129196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.14446067810058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09145376086235046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-739x(87)90029-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-739x(87)90029-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186357190","display_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","issn_l":"0167-739X","issn":["0167-739X","1872-7115"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20100025","https://openalex.org/W1977827719","https://openalex.org/W1981971217","https://openalex.org/W1983523463","https://openalex.org/W1994823170","https://openalex.org/W2012652774","https://openalex.org/W2014625645","https://openalex.org/W2024066018","https://openalex.org/W2047937099","https://openalex.org/W2064017862","https://openalex.org/W2090614300","https://openalex.org/W2118429016","https://openalex.org/W2121925230","https://openalex.org/W2168859097"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093895235","https://openalex.org/W4321138050","https://openalex.org/W4321517723","https://openalex.org/W4226464033","https://openalex.org/W3087213408","https://openalex.org/W2050467441","https://openalex.org/W4321449647","https://openalex.org/W2049051028","https://openalex.org/W2121758010","https://openalex.org/W2072293818"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T06:23:43.705686","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}