{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2040349712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-739x(87)90003-3","title":"Why evolutionary development of expert systems appears to work","display_name":"Why evolutionary development of expert systems appears to work","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2040349712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-739x(87)90003-3","mag":"2040349712"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-739x(87)90003-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-739x(87)90003-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186357190","display_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","issn_l":"0167-739X","issn":["0167-739X","1872-7115"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109263801","display_name":"Michael S.H. Heng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael S.H. Heng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituut voor Toegepaste Informatica - TNO (ITI-TNO), Postbus 214, Delft, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituut voor Toegepaste Informatica - TNO (ITI-TNO), Postbus 214, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109263801"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3340,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3340},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2287,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89892712,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2","first_page":"103","last_page":"109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.857413649559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-system","display_name":"Expert system","score":0.7513808012008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structuring","display_name":"Structuring","score":0.7497321367263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject-matter-expert","display_name":"Subject-matter expert","score":0.6767382025718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enthusiasm","display_name":"Enthusiasm","score":0.6457652449607849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.644417405128479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge","display_name":"Domain knowledge","score":0.5138054490089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-expert-system","display_name":"Legal expert system","score":0.5074600577354431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4765803813934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4473320245742798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4132798910140991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.3795310854911804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37183427810668945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3709114193916321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3574059009552002}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.857413649559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.7513808012008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775945657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381442","display_name":"Structuring","level":2,"score":0.7497321367263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105002631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4833645","display_name":"Subject-matter expert","level":3,"score":0.6767382025718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781354396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840407","display_name":"Enthusiasm","level":2,"score":0.6457652449607849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.644417405128479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.5138054490089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102600418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6517507","display_name":"Legal expert system","level":3,"score":0.5074600577354431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4765803813934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4473320245742798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4132798910140991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3795310854911804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37183427810668945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3709114193916321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3574059009552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-739x(87)90003-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-739x(87)90003-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186357190","display_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","issn_l":"0167-739X","issn":["0167-739X","1872-7115"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W37305189","https://openalex.org/W94215498","https://openalex.org/W2025664492","https://openalex.org/W2057565385","https://openalex.org/W2164902945","https://openalex.org/W2171848061","https://openalex.org/W2531563875","https://openalex.org/W3147316366","https://openalex.org/W4230554037","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6600149858","https://openalex.org/W6685196146"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4251129740","https://openalex.org/W1752292405","https://openalex.org/W2491991745","https://openalex.org/W4241493319","https://openalex.org/W4235667779","https://openalex.org/W1508345308","https://openalex.org/W2186155471","https://openalex.org/W1927045098","https://openalex.org/W2350884229","https://openalex.org/W2540184605"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
