{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2062727459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6423(95)00007-0","title":"Explaining type inference","display_name":"Explaining type inference","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2062727459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6423(95)00007-0","mag":"2062727459"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-6423(95)00007-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6423(95)00007-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21029587","display_name":"Science of Computer Programming","issn_l":"0167-6423","issn":["0167-6423","1872-7964"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science of Computer Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084881756","display_name":"Dominic Duggan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dominic Duggan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1","Dept, of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept, of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023481967","display_name":"Frederick Bent","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederick Bent","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1","Dept, of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept, of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084881756"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":{"value":2460,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2460},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4155,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93054671,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"1","first_page":"37","last_page":"83"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-inference","display_name":"Type inference","score":0.9382492303848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.890313982963562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haskell","display_name":"Haskell","score":0.8175274133682251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.7939409613609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.6144638061523438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5360335111618042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type","display_name":"Type (biology)","score":0.5196493864059448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compile-time","display_name":"Compile time","score":0.49189186096191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-program-debugging","display_name":"Algorithmic program debugging","score":0.4774394631385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.4755106568336487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unification","display_name":"Unification","score":0.47217339277267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-type","display_name":"Data type","score":0.43792256712913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scripting-language","display_name":"Scripting language","score":0.4104059338569641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3635266423225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-programming","display_name":"Functional programming","score":0.346184641122818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2306818962097168}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198370458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586459","display_name":"Type inference","level":3,"score":0.9382492303848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.890313982963562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780624054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34010","display_name":"Haskell","level":3,"score":0.8175274133682251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.7939409613609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.6144638061523438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5360335111618042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777299769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707858","display_name":"Type (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5196493864059448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200833197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333707","display_name":"Compile time","level":3,"score":0.49189186096191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136388014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084976","display_name":"Algorithmic program debugging","level":3,"score":0.4774394631385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.4755106568336487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96146094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609057","display_name":"Unification","level":2,"score":0.47217339277267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138958017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190087","display_name":"Data type","level":2,"score":0.43792256712913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.4104059338569641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3635266423225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42383842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193076","display_name":"Functional programming","level":2,"score":0.346184641122818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2306818962097168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-6423(95)00007-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6423(95)00007-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21029587","display_name":"Science of Computer Programming","issn_l":"0167-6423","issn":["0167-6423","1872-7964"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science of Computer Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.53.7124","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.53.7124","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://plaslab.cis.nctu.edu.tw/eriol/TR/explaining-type.ps.Z","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W93523116","https://openalex.org/W337771927","https://openalex.org/W1491178396","https://openalex.org/W1504949952","https://openalex.org/W1506492451","https://openalex.org/W1532378449","https://openalex.org/W1558109178","https://openalex.org/W1577812319","https://openalex.org/W1579672261","https://openalex.org/W1580679283","https://openalex.org/W1584951182","https://openalex.org/W1598258896","https://openalex.org/W1606866873","https://openalex.org/W1829244603","https://openalex.org/W1911287697","https://openalex.org/W1986022261","https://openalex.org/W2004058190","https://openalex.org/W2005915144","https://openalex.org/W2008943547","https://openalex.org/W2009825892","https://openalex.org/W2037809739","https://openalex.org/W2045313089","https://openalex.org/W2051504145","https://openalex.org/W2056310485","https://openalex.org/W2062950667","https://openalex.org/W2075352622","https://openalex.org/W2078944436","https://openalex.org/W2080825531","https://openalex.org/W2096524783","https://openalex.org/W2100738443","https://openalex.org/W2107463944","https://openalex.org/W2113722134","https://openalex.org/W2118382442","https://openalex.org/W2133472914","https://openalex.org/W2133576102","https://openalex.org/W2137606889","https://openalex.org/W2147130609","https://openalex.org/W2157266926","https://openalex.org/W2912663889","https://openalex.org/W2914260883","https://openalex.org/W4213232664","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6603719706","https://openalex.org/W6604348271","https://openalex.org/W6606565019","https://openalex.org/W6630212826","https://openalex.org/W6630663152","https://openalex.org/W6631998722","https://openalex.org/W6634599504","https://openalex.org/W6635251283","https://openalex.org/W6636285446","https://openalex.org/W6652090571","https://openalex.org/W6653161331","https://openalex.org/W6659954512","https://openalex.org/W6661734376","https://openalex.org/W6664591838","https://openalex.org/W6674730747","https://openalex.org/W6676215324","https://openalex.org/W6679548898","https://openalex.org/W6681780801","https://openalex.org/W6682562344","https://openalex.org/W6758485084","https://openalex.org/W6758870569"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1886401053","https://openalex.org/W2095136535","https://openalex.org/W2113619131","https://openalex.org/W1601811574","https://openalex.org/W4292002158","https://openalex.org/W2137676482","https://openalex.org/W1850217788","https://openalex.org/W3177786852","https://openalex.org/W2519387135","https://openalex.org/W1550049051"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
