{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1987515416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6393(95)00003-7","title":"Perceptual and acoustic aspects of lexical vowel reduction, a sound change in progress","display_name":"Perceptual and acoustic aspects of lexical vowel reduction, a sound change in progress","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1987515416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6393(95)00003-7","mag":"1987515416"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ubn.ru.nl:2066/255833","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/255833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401067","display_name":"Radboud Repository (Radboud University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","host_organization_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Speech Communication, 16(4), pp. 329-358","raw_type":"Article / Letter to editor"},"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074894065","display_name":"Dick R. van Bergem","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bergem, D.R. van","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Phonetic Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Herengracht 338, 1016 CG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Phonetic Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Herengracht 338, 1016 CG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074894065"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13896987,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10863","display_name":"Voice and Speech Disorders","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schwa","display_name":"Schwa","score":0.9138987064361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vowel","display_name":"Vowel","score":0.8601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound-change","display_name":"Sound change","score":0.5548527836799622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.476016104221344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mid-vowel","display_name":"Mid vowel","score":0.47465068101882935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4680454730987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.46114641427993774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.45765459537506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.39118334650993347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34251484274864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formant","display_name":"Formant","score":0.165231853723526}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780580791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209316","display_name":"Schwa","level":3,"score":0.9138987064361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36244","display_name":"Vowel","level":2,"score":0.8601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779879116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754984","display_name":"Sound change","level":2,"score":0.5548527836799622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.476016104221344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150321799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1650645","display_name":"Mid vowel","level":4,"score":0.47465068101882935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4680454730987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.46114641427993774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.45765459537506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.39118334650993347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34251484274864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158215666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414685","display_name":"Formant","level":3,"score":0.165231853723526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ubn.ru.nl:2066/255833","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/255833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401067","display_name":"Radboud Repository (Radboud University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","host_organization_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Speech Communication, 16(4), pp. 329-358","raw_type":"Article / Letter to editor"},{"id":"pmh:ru:oai:repository.ubn.ru.nl:2066/255833","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2066/255833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Speech Communication, 16(4), 329 - 358","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41419866","https://openalex.org/W65582912","https://openalex.org/W111481704","https://openalex.org/W165229451","https://openalex.org/W175320127","https://openalex.org/W587378843","https://openalex.org/W607079072","https://openalex.org/W1495571942","https://openalex.org/W1905843645","https://openalex.org/W1967009998","https://openalex.org/W1973948212","https://openalex.org/W1975879668","https://openalex.org/W1995519658","https://openalex.org/W2003676127","https://openalex.org/W2005224555","https://openalex.org/W2011585205","https://openalex.org/W2018315802","https://openalex.org/W2019227131","https://openalex.org/W2048461838","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2057673066","https://openalex.org/W2061554433","https://openalex.org/W2063803293","https://openalex.org/W2088041869","https://openalex.org/W2090280719","https://openalex.org/W2096883086","https://openalex.org/W2104010595","https://openalex.org/W2137622416","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2608350180","https://openalex.org/W2796837256","https://openalex.org/W2800699181","https://openalex.org/W3150451959","https://openalex.org/W4248855359","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W626411362","https://openalex.org/W2346258361","https://openalex.org/W2006410756","https://openalex.org/W102079525","https://openalex.org/W2343631450","https://openalex.org/W2430935132","https://openalex.org/W2067204265","https://openalex.org/W2741125310","https://openalex.org/W1974337369","https://openalex.org/W2624296269"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,35,95,98,105,108,114,120,123,128,148,159,179,194,202,206,210,213,216,229,233,246],"present":[2],"study":[3],"20":[4,42,263,297],"Dutch":[5,225,251],"male":[6],"speakers":[7],"were":[8,62,74],"asked":[9,45],"to":[10,46,76,79,85,93,112,240],"read":[11],"aloud":[12],"47":[13,268,490],"test":[14,55,109,124,149,195,671],"words":[15,103,170,226],"in":[16,21,51,155,169,185,223,237,305,316,356,389,401],"a":[17,172,186,198,241,519],"word":[18,27],"list":[19],"and":[20,70,134,205,254],"short":[22],"sentences.":[23],"Part":[24],"of":[25,37,41,53,60,97,100,102,107,116,122,161,176,181,209,232],"this":[26],"set":[28],"was":[29,44,164],"also":[30],"named":[31],"by":[32,126,245],"them":[33],"through":[34],"presentation":[36],"pictures.":[38],"A":[39],"group":[40],"listeners":[43,61,82,142],"identify":[47],"an":[48],"unstressed":[49],"vowel":[50,58,220,252],"all":[52,306],"these":[54,89,153],"words.":[56],"The":[57,136],"responses":[59,163,183],"recoded":[63],"into":[64],"two":[65,90],"broad":[66],"categories:":[67],"\"full":[68,219],"vowel\"":[69],"\"schwa\".":[71,550],"Our":[72],"aims":[73],"(1)":[75,141,330,376,554,609],"find":[77],"out":[78],"what":[80],"extent":[81,243],"are":[83,227],"able":[84],"unambiguously":[86,146],"distinguish":[87],"between":[88,201,250],"categories,":[91],"(2)":[92,158,345,394,572,631],"investigate":[94,113],"influence":[96,115],"frequency":[99,175],"occurrence":[101],"on":[104,119,193],"classification":[106,121,583,595],"vowels,":[110,150],"(3)":[111,178,353,410,587,652],"speaking":[117,189],"styles":[118,591],"vowels":[125,168,196],"comparing":[127],"speech":[129],"conditions":[130,599],"\"word":[131],"list\",":[132],"\"pictures\"":[133],"\"sentences\".":[135],"experimental":[137],"results":[138,204],"showed":[139],"that":[140],"often":[143],"could":[144],"not":[145],"classify":[147],"especially":[151],"if":[152],"occurred":[154],"interstress":[156],"position,":[157],"number":[160,180],"schwa":[162,182],"much":[165],"higher":[166],"for":[167,215],"with":[171],"relatively":[173],"high":[174],"occurrence,":[177],"increased":[184],"more":[187],"casual":[188],"style.":[190],"Acoustic":[191],"measurements":[192],"revealed":[197],"clear":[199],"relation":[200,674],"perceptual":[203],"acoustic":[207],"features":[208],"vowels.":[211],"Although":[212],"preconditions":[214],"sound":[217,234],"change":[218,235],"\u2192":[221,449,692],"schwa\"":[222,693],"several":[224],"excellent,":[228],"actual":[230],"completion":[231],"is":[236],"our":[238],"view":[239],"large":[242,719],"blocked":[244],"rather":[247],"close":[248],"correspondence":[249],"sounds":[253],"their":[255],"orthographic":[256],"representations.":[257],"F\u00fcr":[258],"die":[259,302,346,359,366,377,380,395,411,442,470],"vorliegende":[260],"Untersuchung":[261,327],"wurden":[262,315],"holl\u00e4ndische":[264],"m\u00e4nnliche":[265],"Sprecher":[266],"gebeten,":[267],"Testw\u00f6rter":[269],"aus":[270],"einer":[271],"Liste":[272,284],"von":[273,286,290,296,447],"W\u00f6rtern":[274,308,404,454],"und":[275,322,342,352,408,435,479],"kurzen":[276],"S\u00e4tzen":[277],"vorzulesen.":[278],"Ein":[279],"Teil":[280],"der":[281,313,350,354,368,397,413,423,462],"W\u00f6rter":[282,351],"dieser":[283,326],"wurde":[285,299],"ihnen":[287],"auch":[288,441],"anhand":[289],"bildliche":[291],"Darstellungen":[292],"genannt.":[293],"Eine":[294],"Gruppe":[295],"H\u00f6rern":[298],"daraufhin":[300],"aufgefordert,":[301],"unbetonten":[303],"Vokale":[304],"diesen":[307,337],"zu":[309,340],"bestimmen.":[310],"Die":[311,371],"Antworten":[312],"H\u00f6rer":[314,332,378],"zwei":[317],"gro\u03b2e":[318],"Kategorien":[319,339],"unterteilt:":[320],"\"Vollvokale\"":[321],"\"Schwa\".":[323],"Das":[324],"Ziel":[325],"war":[328],"herauszufinden":[329],"inwieweit":[331],"f\u00e4hig":[333],"sind,":[334,456],"eindeutig":[335,383],"zwischen":[336,431,474],"beiden":[338],"unterscheiden,":[341],"welchen":[343],"Einflu\u03b2":[344],"H\u00e4ufigkeit":[347],"des":[348,477,538,579,584,590,634,646,732],"Vorkommens":[349],"Sprechstil":[355,419],"Bezug":[357],"auf":[358,365],"Sprach-bedingungen":[360],"\"Wortliste\",":[361],"\"Bild\"":[362],"oder":[363],"\"Satz\"":[364],"Klassifikation":[367],"Testvokale":[369,381,424],"aus\u00fcbt.":[370],"experimentellen":[372],"Ergebnisse":[373],"zeigen,":[374],"da\u03b2":[375,393,409,427],"oft":[379],"nicht":[382],"klassifizieren":[384],"k\u00f6nnen,":[385],"besonders,":[386],"wenn":[387],"sie":[388],"\"interstress\"":[390],"Stellung":[391],"vorkommen,":[392],"Anzahl":[396,412],"Klassifizierungen":[398,414],"als":[399,415],"Schwa":[400,416],"relativ":[402,471],"hochfrequenten":[403],"bedeutend":[405],"gr\u00f6\u03b2er":[406],"war,":[407],"bei":[417],"ungezwungenem":[418],"stieg.":[420],"Akustische":[421],"Messungen":[422],"haben":[425],"ergeben,":[426],"eine":[428],"klare":[429],"Beziehung":[430,473],"den":[432,436,475],"perzeptiven":[433],"Ergebnissen":[434],"akustischen":[437],"Merkmalen":[438],"besteht.":[439],"Wenn":[440],"Vorbedingungen":[443],"f\u00fcr":[444],"einen":[445],"Lautwandel":[446,465],"\"Vollvokal":[448],"Schwa\"":[450],"im":[451],"mehreren":[452],"holl\u00e4ndischen":[453],"hervorragend":[455],"so":[457],"ist":[458],"unserer":[459],"Ansicht":[460],"nach":[461],"Vollzug":[463],"dieses":[464],"zur":[466],"Zeit":[467],"gro\u03b2enteils":[468],"durch":[469],"eindeutige":[472],"Lauten":[476],"Holl\u00e4ndischen":[478],"ihrer":[480],"orthographischen":[481],"Wiedergabe":[482],"blockiert.":[483],"Vingt":[484],"locuteurs":[485],"masculins":[486],"n\u00e9erlandais":[487,727],"ont":[488,501,540],"lu":[489],"mots-test":[491],"pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s":[492],"en":[493,543,596,623,628,702,726],"liste":[494],"et":[495,549,602,680,734],"dans":[496,531,557,645,659,696,717],"de":[497,508,514,524,533,555,564,569,575,617,655,700,707,711,714],"courtes":[498],"phrases.":[499],"Ils":[500],"\u00e9galement":[502],"eu":[503],"\u00e0":[504,512,521,648],"\u00e9noncer":[505],"un":[506,522,697],"sous-ensemble":[507],"ces":[509,534,566],"mots":[510,580,647,701],"directement":[511],"partir":[513],"la":[515,576,582,704,722],"pr\u00e9sentation":[516],"d'images.":[517],"On":[518],"demand\u00e9":[520],"groupe":[523],"vingt":[525],"auditeurs":[526,539,561],"d'identifier":[527],"une":[528,673,718],"voyelle":[529],"non-accentu\u00e9e":[530],"chacun":[532],"mots-test.":[535],"Les":[536,604],"r\u00e9ponses":[537,635,656],"\u00e9t\u00e9":[541],"cod\u00e9es":[542],"deux":[544,567],"grandes":[545],"cat\u00e9gories:":[546],"\"voyelle":[547,690],"compl\u00e8te\"":[548],"Nos":[551],"buts":[552],"\u00e9taient":[553,562],"trouver":[556],"quelle":[558],"mesure":[559,720],"les":[560,598,610,620,642,669,677,681,686,729],"capables":[563],"distinguer":[565],"classes":[568],"fa\u00e7on":[570,618],"non-ambigue,":[571],"d'\u00e9tudier":[573,588],"l'influence":[574,589],"fr\u00e9quence":[577,649],"d'occurrence":[578,650],"sur":[581,593,668],"voyelles":[585,621,643,670,733],"test,":[586,622],"d'\u00e9locution":[592,662],"cette":[594],"comparant":[597],"\"liste\",":[600],"\"images\"":[601],"\"phrases\".":[603],"r\u00e9sultats":[605,678],"exp\u00e9rimentaux":[606],"montrent":[607,672],"que":[608,685],"auditeurs,":[611],"souvent,":[612],"ne":[613],"peuvent":[614],"pas":[615],"classer":[616],"non-ambigue":[619],"particulier":[624],"quand":[625],"elles":[626],"apparaissent":[627],"position":[629],"\"interstress\",":[630],"le":[632,653,660],"nombre":[633,654,699],"\"schwa\"":[636,657],"\u00e9tait":[637],"beaucoup":[638],"plus":[639,663],"\u00e9lev\u00e9":[640],"pour":[641],"contenues":[644],"\u00e9lev\u00e9,":[651],"augmentait":[658],"cas":[661],"relach\u00e9e.":[664],"Des":[665],"mesures":[666],"acoustiques":[667,731],"claire":[675],"entre":[676,728],"perceptifs":[679],"indices":[682],"acoustiques.":[683],"Bien":[684],"pr\u00e9-conditions":[687],"du":[688],"changement":[689,709],"compl\u00e8te":[691],"soient":[694],"excellentes":[695],"certain":[698],"n\u00e9erlandais,":[703],"r\u00e9alisation":[705],"concr\u00e8te":[706],"ce":[708],"est,":[710],"notre":[712],"point":[713],"vue,":[715],"bloqu\u00e9":[716],"par":[721],"correspondance":[723],"assez":[724],"\u00e9troite":[725],"r\u00e9alisations":[730],"leurs":[735],"repr\u00e9sentations":[736],"orthographiques.":[737]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-28T14:05:53.105641","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}