{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2069808647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6393(93)90074-u","title":"A brief history of synthetic speech","display_name":"A brief history of synthetic speech","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2069808647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6393(93)90074-u","mag":"2069808647"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-6393(93)90074-u","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6393(93)90074-u","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128025751","display_name":"Speech Communication","issn_l":"0167-6393","issn":["0167-6393","1872-7182"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Speech Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110096821","display_name":"Manfred R. Schroeder","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Manfred R. Schroeder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Drittes Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen, Germany and AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, USA (Ret.)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Drittes Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen, Germany and AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, USA (Ret.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110096821"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"],"apc_list":{"value":2870,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2870},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22721539,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1-2","first_page":"231","last_page":"237"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10863","display_name":"Voice and Speech Disorders","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13155","display_name":"Digital Communication and Language","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diction","display_name":"Diction","score":0.8818105459213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5331520438194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-synthesis","display_name":"Speech synthesis","score":0.5153281092643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.46957963705062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humanities","display_name":"Humanities","score":0.4451950192451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.3783770203590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.3227713108062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poetry","display_name":"Poetry","score":0.061251670122146606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779148373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1225396","display_name":"Diction","level":3,"score":0.8818105459213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5331520438194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14999030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16346","display_name":"Speech synthesis","level":2,"score":0.5153281092643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.46957963705062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15708023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083","display_name":"Humanities","level":1,"score":0.4451950192451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3783770203590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.3227713108062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164913051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q482","display_name":"Poetry","level":2,"score":0.061251670122146606}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-6393(93)90074-u","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6393(93)90074-u","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128025751","display_name":"Speech Communication","issn_l":"0167-6393","issn":["0167-6393","1872-7182"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Speech Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W587737","https://openalex.org/W86348706","https://openalex.org/W132284139","https://openalex.org/W181056519","https://openalex.org/W582263084","https://openalex.org/W1489213177","https://openalex.org/W1536990986","https://openalex.org/W1568157974","https://openalex.org/W1602544193","https://openalex.org/W1658344067","https://openalex.org/W1969526148","https://openalex.org/W1971086804","https://openalex.org/W1971875964","https://openalex.org/W1980424007","https://openalex.org/W1985088100","https://openalex.org/W1987563002","https://openalex.org/W1993096868","https://openalex.org/W1994582185","https://openalex.org/W1995387737","https://openalex.org/W2005854605","https://openalex.org/W2026679866","https://openalex.org/W2034834700","https://openalex.org/W2037034710","https://openalex.org/W2038299421","https://openalex.org/W2038728370","https://openalex.org/W2052042062","https://openalex.org/W2061383870","https://openalex.org/W2069501481","https://openalex.org/W2070377369","https://openalex.org/W2086345215","https://openalex.org/W2097035595","https://openalex.org/W2102342173","https://openalex.org/W2105594594","https://openalex.org/W2135384807","https://openalex.org/W2151626637","https://openalex.org/W2542348669","https://openalex.org/W2584393883","https://openalex.org/W2798538423","https://openalex.org/W3043393066","https://openalex.org/W3094114204","https://openalex.org/W3175542116","https://openalex.org/W4206319965","https://openalex.org/W4256555983","https://openalex.org/W6600026119","https://openalex.org/W6632138471","https://openalex.org/W6633780813","https://openalex.org/W6636073737","https://openalex.org/W6642467497","https://openalex.org/W6645373908","https://openalex.org/W6660115656","https://openalex.org/W6675601168","https://openalex.org/W6683021324","https://openalex.org/W6797145905"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2780307509","https://openalex.org/W2609344916","https://openalex.org/W4312327494","https://openalex.org/W2478882070","https://openalex.org/W59019880","https://openalex.org/W2308060692","https://openalex.org/W4210390885","https://openalex.org/W2593397060"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
