{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2078399398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6393(93)90068-v","title":"Language modeling using stochastic context-free grammars","display_name":"Language modeling using stochastic context-free grammars","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2078399398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6393(93)90068-v","mag":"2078399398"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-6393(93)90068-v","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6393(93)90068-v","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128025751","display_name":"Speech Communication","issn_l":"0167-6393","issn":["0167-6393","1872-7182"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Speech Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064332237","display_name":"Anna Corazza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9156-5079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097842","display_name":"Istituto Centrale per la Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica Applicata al Mare","ror":"https://ror.org/014cycx13","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097842"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Corazza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica a Tecnologica, 38050 Povo di Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica a Tecnologica, 38050 Povo di Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081408760","display_name":"Renato De Mori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2083-9095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. De Mori","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A2A7"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A2A7","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057861443","display_name":"Roberto Gretter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097842","display_name":"Istituto Centrale per la Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica Applicata al Mare","ror":"https://ror.org/014cycx13","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097842"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Gretter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica, 38050 Povo di Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica, 38050 Povo di Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097842"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068504877","display_name":"Giorgio Satta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7742-6438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Satta","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6228, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6228, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2870,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2870},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17012928,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1-2","first_page":"163","last_page":"170"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-free-grammar","display_name":"Context-free grammar","score":0.7758419513702393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7438538074493408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.7221361994743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-context-free-grammar","display_name":"Stochastic context-free grammar","score":0.7063558101654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-affix-grammar","display_name":"Extended Affix Grammar","score":0.600944459438324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-adjoining-grammar","display_name":"Tree-adjoining grammar","score":0.5351601243019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-sensitive-grammar","display_name":"Context-sensitive grammar","score":0.5184504389762878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5120466351509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5091840624809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4694834351539612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/l-attributed-grammar","display_name":"L-attributed grammar","score":0.44873976707458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4469010829925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3442049026489258}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97212296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338047","display_name":"Context-free grammar","level":3,"score":0.7758419513702393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7438538074493408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.7221361994743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199624470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2377216","display_name":"Stochastic context-free grammar","level":5,"score":0.7063558101654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37734731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421802","display_name":"Extended Affix Grammar","level":4,"score":0.600944459438324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134083981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754022","display_name":"Tree-adjoining grammar","level":4,"score":0.5351601243019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125950753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908674","display_name":"Context-sensitive grammar","level":4,"score":0.5184504389762878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5120466351509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5091840624809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4694834351539612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67621940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3113340","display_name":"L-attributed grammar","level":4,"score":0.44873976707458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4469010829925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3442049026489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-6393(93)90068-v","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6393(93)90068-v","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128025751","display_name":"Speech Communication","issn_l":"0167-6393","issn":["0167-6393","1872-7182"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Speech Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/122545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11577/122545","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402547","display_name":"Padua Research Archive (University of Padova)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4354089","https://openalex.org/W32217939","https://openalex.org/W186322017","https://openalex.org/W322434552","https://openalex.org/W1512626953","https://openalex.org/W1535681052","https://openalex.org/W1541301615","https://openalex.org/W1968285172","https://openalex.org/W1970961429","https://openalex.org/W1972874453","https://openalex.org/W1978470410","https://openalex.org/W2009481578","https://openalex.org/W2027766562","https://openalex.org/W2037269794","https://openalex.org/W2047706513","https://openalex.org/W2061315523","https://openalex.org/W2074584543","https://openalex.org/W2111977830","https://openalex.org/W2132902234","https://openalex.org/W2188913344","https://openalex.org/W2614613495","https://openalex.org/W4245826738","https://openalex.org/W6600174329","https://openalex.org/W6601287718","https://openalex.org/W6630630201","https://openalex.org/W6632445250","https://openalex.org/W6662436741","https://openalex.org/W6676532794"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041988689","https://openalex.org/W2153803459","https://openalex.org/W1608157979","https://openalex.org/W2403874525","https://openalex.org/W3564880","https://openalex.org/W2136486688","https://openalex.org/W2012632856","https://openalex.org/W2074204229","https://openalex.org/W2007033444","https://openalex.org/W2070208002"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
