{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2040482773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6393(90)90006-u","title":"Symbolic output as the basis for evaluating intonation in text-to-speech systems","display_name":"Symbolic output as the basis for evaluating intonation in text-to-speech systems","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2040482773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6393(90)90006-u","mag":"2040482773"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-6393(90)90006-u","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6393(90)90006-u","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128025751","display_name":"Speech Communication","issn_l":"0167-6393","issn":["0167-6393","1872-7182"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Speech Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049005414","display_name":"Alicja Monaghan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1283-9845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.I.C. Monaghan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Speech Technology Research, Department of Linguistics, University of Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Speech Technology Research, Department of Linguistics, University of Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110254495","display_name":"D. Robert Ladd","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.R. Ladd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Speech Technology Research, Department of Linguistics, University of Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Speech Technology Research, Department of Linguistics, University of Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":{"value":2870,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2870},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0807,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81705626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"305","last_page":"314"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9775999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-synthesis","display_name":"Speech synthesis","score":0.6991709470748901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intonation","display_name":"Intonation (linguistics)","score":0.6447951793670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prosody","display_name":"Prosody","score":0.6312673687934875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5948390364646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","score":0.5922590494155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.5526868104934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5437092185020447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.42324548959732056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.389054536819458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26065659523010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.1168462336063385}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14999030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16346","display_name":"Speech synthesis","level":2,"score":0.6991709470748901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5576720","display_name":"Intonation (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6447951793670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542774811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10880526","display_name":"Prosody","level":2,"score":0.6312673687934875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5948390364646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776756274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5922590494155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5526868104934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5437092185020447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.42324548959732056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.389054536819458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26065659523010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.1168462336063385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-6393(90)90006-u","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6393(90)90006-u","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128025751","display_name":"Speech Communication","issn_l":"0167-6393","issn":["0167-6393","1872-7182"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Speech Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W200864738","https://openalex.org/W205185618","https://openalex.org/W1583314545","https://openalex.org/W1704572586","https://openalex.org/W1988510675","https://openalex.org/W2036693100","https://openalex.org/W2057007972","https://openalex.org/W2084303973","https://openalex.org/W2105214381","https://openalex.org/W2120661116","https://openalex.org/W2153610928","https://openalex.org/W2574145655","https://openalex.org/W2588501634","https://openalex.org/W2990322427","https://openalex.org/W4245531607","https://openalex.org/W4256089032","https://openalex.org/W6634766488","https://openalex.org/W6682793497"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381837697","https://openalex.org/W4212971584","https://openalex.org/W2332932563","https://openalex.org/W1965454423","https://openalex.org/W2028501571","https://openalex.org/W2507083698","https://openalex.org/W2465473908","https://openalex.org/W2052542215","https://openalex.org/W3209832466","https://openalex.org/W2036564641"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}