{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2090390706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6377(93)90001-w","title":"A modified Lin-Kernighan traveling-salesman heuristic","display_name":"A modified Lin-Kernighan traveling-salesman heuristic","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2090390706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6377(93)90001-w","mag":"2090390706"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-6377(93)90001-w","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6377(93)90001-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27769002","display_name":"Operations Research Letters","issn_l":"0167-6377","issn":["0167-6377","1872-7468"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Operations Research Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031126387","display_name":"King-Tim Mak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133369","display_name":"Decision Sciences (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03gcvf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133369"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"King-Tim Mak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Decision Sciences, College of Business Administration, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA","Information and Decision Sciences, College of Business Administration, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Decision Sciences, College of Business Administration, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238","https://openalex.org/I4210133369"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Decision Sciences, College of Business Administration, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100840585","display_name":"Andrew Morton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133369","display_name":"Decision Sciences (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03gcvf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133369"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew J. Morton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Decision Sciences, College of Business Administration, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA","Information and Decision Sciences, College of Business Administration, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Decision Sciences, College of Business Administration, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238","https://openalex.org/I4210133369"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Decision Sciences, College of Business Administration, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031126387","https://openalex.org/A5100840585"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238","https://openalex.org/I4210133369"],"apc_list":{"value":2760,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2760},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.4235,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97243177,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"127","last_page":"132"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travelling-salesman-problem","display_name":"Travelling salesman problem","score":0.9293320775032043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.817800760269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.7218527793884277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6163239479064941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traveling-purchaser-problem","display_name":"Traveling purchaser problem","score":0.5920256972312927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5800939798355103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lin\u2013kernighan-heuristic","display_name":"Lin\u2013Kernighan heuristic","score":0.550517201423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5208609700202942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2-opt","display_name":"2-opt","score":0.5024571418762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3126488924026489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2508384585380554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21593013405799866}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175859090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322212","display_name":"Travelling salesman problem","level":2,"score":0.9293320775032043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.817800760269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7218527793884277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6163239479064941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4331618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7836034","display_name":"Traveling purchaser problem","level":4,"score":0.5920256972312927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5800939798355103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103888782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835802","display_name":"Lin\u2013Kernighan heuristic","level":4,"score":0.550517201423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5208609700202942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106472803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q291440","display_name":"2-opt","level":3,"score":0.5024571418762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3126488924026489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2508384585380554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21593013405799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-6377(93)90001-w","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6377(93)90001-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27769002","display_name":"Operations Research Letters","issn_l":"0167-6377","issn":["0167-6377","1872-7468"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Operations Research Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546457065","https://openalex.org/W2009803313","https://openalex.org/W2029242918","https://openalex.org/W2042986967","https://openalex.org/W2058748455","https://openalex.org/W2913607851","https://openalex.org/W6632882950"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389782626","https://openalex.org/W2171568915","https://openalex.org/W2167244338","https://openalex.org/W4376138746","https://openalex.org/W1595757466","https://openalex.org/W2191054341","https://openalex.org/W2362402143","https://openalex.org/W4220987199","https://openalex.org/W2359992618","https://openalex.org/W4246557197"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-01T17:29:45.350535","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}