{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2087393399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4048(95)00023-2","title":"Security classification for documents","display_name":"Security classification for documents","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2087393399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4048(95)00023-2","mag":"2087393399"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-4048(95)00023-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4048(95)00023-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12529635","display_name":"Computers & Security","issn_l":"0167-4048","issn":["0167-4048","1872-6208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088421729","display_name":"Jan H. P. Eloff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-2198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J.H.P. Eloff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Rand Afrikaans University, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa","Department of Computer Science, Rand Afrikaans University, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Rand Afrikaans University, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Rand Afrikaans University, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035775765","display_name":"Ralph Holbein","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. Holbein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Zurich, Winterthnrerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Zurich, Winterthnrerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036079668","display_name":"Stephanie Teufel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0427-3148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. Teufel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Zurich, Winterthnrerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Zurich, Winterthnrerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035775765","https://openalex.org/A5036079668","https://openalex.org/A5088421729"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423","https://openalex.org/I24027795"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2906,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9005705,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"55","last_page":"71"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7498000860214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.5732429027557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profitability-index","display_name":"Profitability index","score":0.5179118514060974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5091745257377625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.5045400857925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-controls","display_name":"Security controls","score":0.4993598461151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4934665262699127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4815793037414551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.45195335149765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classified-information","display_name":"Classified information","score":0.4488643407821655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security-management","display_name":"Information security management","score":0.4473876655101776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security-standards","display_name":"Information security standards","score":0.4423217177391052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-information-and-event-management","display_name":"Security information and event management","score":0.3192478120326996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.24080544710159302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.20824351906776428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-service","display_name":"Security service","score":0.1924905776977539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing-security","display_name":"Cloud computing security","score":0.16292649507522583}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7498000860214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.5732429027557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.5179118514060974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5091745257377625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.5045400857925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178148461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1632136","display_name":"Security controls","level":3,"score":0.4993598461151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4934665262699127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4815793037414551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.45195335149765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124181835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846498","display_name":"Classified information","level":2,"score":0.4488643407821655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148976360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662500","display_name":"Information security management","level":5,"score":0.4473876655101776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139547956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6031202","display_name":"Information security standards","level":5,"score":0.4423217177391052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103377522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493999","display_name":"Security information and event management","level":4,"score":0.3192478120326996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.24080544710159302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.20824351906776428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.1924905776977539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.16292649507522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117110713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3394676","display_name":"Network security policy","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-4048(95)00023-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4048(95)00023-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12529635","display_name":"Computers & Security","issn_l":"0167-4048","issn":["0167-4048","1872-6208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84701375","https://openalex.org/W254425995","https://openalex.org/W633585809","https://openalex.org/W638390775","https://openalex.org/W1486793324","https://openalex.org/W1535934481","https://openalex.org/W1833785989","https://openalex.org/W2007999111","https://openalex.org/W2015141155","https://openalex.org/W2042599918","https://openalex.org/W2507223537","https://openalex.org/W2914217848","https://openalex.org/W4251614709","https://openalex.org/W6609372955","https://openalex.org/W6661221694","https://openalex.org/W6758860630"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2891666484","https://openalex.org/W2741061559","https://openalex.org/W2126017555","https://openalex.org/W264217655","https://openalex.org/W2776554033","https://openalex.org/W2149739119","https://openalex.org/W4293770853","https://openalex.org/W156556885","https://openalex.org/W1974991139","https://openalex.org/W2066297175"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}