{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2021682807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4048(92)90205-6","title":"Passports and visas versus IDs","display_name":"Passports and visas versus IDs","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2021682807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4048(92)90205-6","mag":"2021682807"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-4048(92)90205-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4048(92)90205-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12529635","display_name":"Computers & Security","issn_l":"0167-4048","issn":["0167-4048","1872-6208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers &amp; Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090365916","display_name":"George I. Davida","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"George I. Davida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, P.O. Box 784, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, P.O. Box 784, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008979622","display_name":"Yvo Desmedt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6679-7484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yvo G. Desmedt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, P.O. Box 784, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, P.O. Box 784, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090365916"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1161,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81197287,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"253","last_page":"258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.8298972249031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.7988317012786865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6895837187767029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.660435676574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.6332698464393616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5088999271392822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07324209809303284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.8298972249031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7988317012786865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6895837187767029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.660435676574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.6332698464393616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5088999271392822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07324209809303284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-4048(92)90205-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4048(92)90205-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12529635","display_name":"Computers & Security","issn_l":"0167-4048","issn":["0167-4048","1872-6208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers &amp; Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:138809","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/138809/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"     In:    (pp. pp. 253-258).   (1992)     ","raw_type":"Proceedings paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504280744","https://openalex.org/W1589034595","https://openalex.org/W1606273473","https://openalex.org/W1882430379","https://openalex.org/W2022461859","https://openalex.org/W2116684809","https://openalex.org/W2156186849","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6630389801","https://openalex.org/W6635298198","https://openalex.org/W6636148057","https://openalex.org/W6639297558","https://openalex.org/W6655522755","https://openalex.org/W6741290135"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032233321","https://openalex.org/W3121970507","https://openalex.org/W2110028391","https://openalex.org/W54497855","https://openalex.org/W217960748","https://openalex.org/W3125814499","https://openalex.org/W2090827041","https://openalex.org/W2565703248","https://openalex.org/W2060145807","https://openalex.org/W4248806346"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
