{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998402403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4048(91)90081-n","title":"Secret ballot elections in computer networks","display_name":"Secret ballot elections in computer networks","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998402403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4048(91)90081-n","mag":"1998402403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-4048(91)90081-n","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4048(91)90081-n","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12529635","display_name":"Computers & Security","issn_l":"0167-4048","issn":["0167-4048","1872-6208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers &amp; Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033364748","display_name":"Hannu Nurmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-6014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannu Nurmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Political Science, University of Turku, SF-20500 Turku, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Political Science, University of Turku, SF-20500 Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113495698","display_name":"Arto Salomaa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112281704","display_name":"Research Council of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112281704"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arto Salomaa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy of Finland and Department of Mathematics, University of Turku, SF-20500 Turku, Finland","Academy of Finland and Department of Mathematics, University of Turku, SF-20500 Turku, Finland#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy of Finland and Department of Mathematics, University of Turku, SF-20500 Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112281704","https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy of Finland and Department of Mathematics, University of Turku, SF-20500 Turku, Finland#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030487496","display_name":"Lila Santean","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112281704","display_name":"Research Council of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112281704"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lila Santean","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy of Finland and Department of Mathematics, University of Turku, SF-20500 Turku, Finland","Academy of Finland and Department of Mathematics, University of Turku, SF-20500 Turku, Finland#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy of Finland and Department of Mathematics, University of Turku, SF-20500 Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112281704","https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy of Finland and Department of Mathematics, University of Turku, SF-20500 Turku, Finland#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113495698"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112281704","https://openalex.org/I155660961"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6963,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":110,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90291869,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"6","first_page":"553","last_page":"560"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.738813579082489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6682443618774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ballot","display_name":"Ballot","score":0.6483391523361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6041998267173767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5173065662384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secret-ballot","display_name":"Secret ballot","score":0.48920512199401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.48464804887771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.2304573655128479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.17982223629951477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.15638324618339539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.14957979321479797}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.738813579082489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6682443618774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777094542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905151","display_name":"Ballot","level":4,"score":0.6483391523361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6041998267173767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5173065662384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30231744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337987","display_name":"Secret ballot","level":5,"score":0.48920512199401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.48464804887771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2304573655128479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.17982223629951477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.15638324618339539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.14957979321479797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-4048(91)90081-n","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4048(91)90081-n","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12529635","display_name":"Computers & Security","issn_l":"0167-4048","issn":["0167-4048","1872-6208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers &amp; Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.297.3557","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.297.3557","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.csd.uwo.ca/faculty/lila/pdfs/Secret ballot elections in computernetworks.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95200881","https://openalex.org/W1534121109","https://openalex.org/W1572330878","https://openalex.org/W1977033637","https://openalex.org/W2022641101","https://openalex.org/W2059076754","https://openalex.org/W2103647628","https://openalex.org/W2105564033","https://openalex.org/W2770583616","https://openalex.org/W6675872267"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2888183313","https://openalex.org/W2160733978","https://openalex.org/W1966025096","https://openalex.org/W2081637159","https://openalex.org/W125192817","https://openalex.org/W2166113094","https://openalex.org/W3028690333","https://openalex.org/W2131613282","https://openalex.org/W3161853141","https://openalex.org/W1982731803"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
