{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1977220452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4048(86)90013-1","title":"Societal vulnerability to computer system failures","display_name":"Societal vulnerability to computer system failures","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1977220452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4048(86)90013-1","mag":"1977220452"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-4048(86)90013-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4048(86)90013-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12529635","display_name":"Computers & Security","issn_l":"0167-4048","issn":["0167-4048","1872-6208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014105565","display_name":"Lance J. Hoffman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lance J. Hoffman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, U.S.A","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, U.S.A.#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, U.S.A.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004877277","display_name":"Lucy M. Moran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucy M. Moran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, U.S.A","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, U.S.A.#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, U.S.A.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014105565"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7578,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87289262,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"211","last_page":"217"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.7592459917068481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6376704573631287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5961794853210449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.5605629682540894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5488510727882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-infrastructure","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","score":0.4622838795185089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4540948271751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-assessment","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","score":0.4420735538005829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-critical-system","display_name":"Life-critical system","score":0.4361226558685303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.25113439559936523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09755170345306396}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7592459917068481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6376704573631287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5961794853210449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.5605629682540894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5488510727882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.4622838795185089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4540948271751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.4420735538005829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163707989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1996307","display_name":"Life-critical system","level":3,"score":0.4361226558685303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.25113439559936523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09755170345306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-4048(86)90013-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4048(86)90013-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12529635","display_name":"Computers & Security","issn_l":"0167-4048","issn":["0167-4048","1872-6208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W230970505","https://openalex.org/W1598159283","https://openalex.org/W1599827238","https://openalex.org/W1882297107","https://openalex.org/W1970703734","https://openalex.org/W1981287269","https://openalex.org/W1991895580","https://openalex.org/W2028084072","https://openalex.org/W2035543281","https://openalex.org/W2052285086","https://openalex.org/W2053409086","https://openalex.org/W2073957514","https://openalex.org/W2085818042","https://openalex.org/W2094873755","https://openalex.org/W2098230852","https://openalex.org/W2147152524","https://openalex.org/W2156700016","https://openalex.org/W2199322517","https://openalex.org/W2294615205","https://openalex.org/W2323260940","https://openalex.org/W2617152655","https://openalex.org/W2757993297","https://openalex.org/W4321638282","https://openalex.org/W6645892435","https://openalex.org/W6657179934","https://openalex.org/W6850219782"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1883246888","https://openalex.org/W2370114625","https://openalex.org/W2947584067","https://openalex.org/W3118510577","https://openalex.org/W2280562859","https://openalex.org/W3157230915","https://openalex.org/W1496728123","https://openalex.org/W2062873522","https://openalex.org/W1756374135","https://openalex.org/W4297199789"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}