{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2912709233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-218x(91)90074-7","title":"Constructive complexity","display_name":"Constructive complexity","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2912709233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-218x(91)90074-7","mag":"2912709233"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0166-218x(91)90074-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-218x(91)90074-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171741597","display_name":"Discrete Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"0166-218X","issn":["0166-218X","1872-6771"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discrete Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060334068","display_name":"Karl Abrahamson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karl Abrahamson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054676766","display_name":"Michael R. Fellows","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6148-9212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael R. Fellows","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C., Canada V8W 3P6"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C., Canada V8W 3P6","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011863644","display_name":"Michael A. Langston","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5945-5796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael A. Langston","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059287546","display_name":"Bernard M. E. Moret","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1549-4544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernard M.E. Moret","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C. Canada V8W 3P6"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C. Canada V8W 3P6","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060334068"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"],"apc_list":{"value":2750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2750},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5131,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69757146,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"1-3","first_page":"3","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10374","display_name":"Advanced Graph Theory Research","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10374","display_name":"Advanced Graph Theory Research","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constructive","display_name":"Constructive","score":0.7963854074478149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oracle","display_name":"Oracle","score":0.7617835998535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.7186992764472961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5945630073547363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complexity-class","display_name":"Complexity class","score":0.5699208974838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-problem","display_name":"Decision problem","score":0.509077250957489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-complexity","display_name":"Time complexity","score":0.49611029028892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.466198593378067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.32350242137908936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.2798815369606018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.24933406710624695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.22638121247291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13950222730636597}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778701210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28130034","display_name":"Constructive","level":3,"score":0.7963854074478149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.7617835998535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.7186992764472961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5945630073547363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39637292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908207","display_name":"Complexity class","level":3,"score":0.5699208974838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115988155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3262192","display_name":"Decision problem","level":2,"score":0.509077250957489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C311688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Time complexity","level":2,"score":0.49611029028892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.466198593378067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32350242137908936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.2798815369606018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24933406710624695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.22638121247291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13950222730636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0166-218x(91)90074-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-218x(91)90074-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171741597","display_name":"Discrete Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"0166-218X","issn":["0166-218X","1872-6771"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discrete Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.56.6192","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.56.6192","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://cs.utk.edu/pub/TechReports/1990/ut-cs-90-120.ps.Z","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W140396303","https://openalex.org/W1485291616","https://openalex.org/W1980364701","https://openalex.org/W1982143949","https://openalex.org/W1987092466","https://openalex.org/W1988529552","https://openalex.org/W1989188127","https://openalex.org/W1996419691","https://openalex.org/W1998777945","https://openalex.org/W1999061527","https://openalex.org/W2000611521","https://openalex.org/W2011039300","https://openalex.org/W2044504659","https://openalex.org/W2082894772","https://openalex.org/W2088956149","https://openalex.org/W2099188893","https://openalex.org/W2148373594","https://openalex.org/W2476613922","https://openalex.org/W2500983675","https://openalex.org/W4245863089","https://openalex.org/W4246781593","https://openalex.org/W6602863662","https://openalex.org/W6610072603","https://openalex.org/W6629148559","https://openalex.org/W6632662208","https://openalex.org/W6645186733","https://openalex.org/W6674704206","https://openalex.org/W6681834000","https://openalex.org/W6770833062","https://openalex.org/W6828331309"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390575969","https://openalex.org/W2032491581","https://openalex.org/W2106367176","https://openalex.org/W2404814723","https://openalex.org/W2003513300","https://openalex.org/W2402456376","https://openalex.org/W2086025566","https://openalex.org/W1702487489","https://openalex.org/W2130255638","https://openalex.org/W1589381382"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}