{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2031919375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-6074(92)90286-g","title":"Application machines: An approach to realizing understandable systems","display_name":"Application machines: An approach to realizing understandable systems","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2031919375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-6074(92)90286-g","mag":"2031919375"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0165-6074(92)90286-g","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-6074(92)90286-g","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92214702","display_name":"Microprocessing and Microprogramming","issn_l":"0165-6074","issn":["0165-6074","1878-7061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microprocessing and Microprogramming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109433257","display_name":"Harold W. Lawson","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Harold W. Lawson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawson Publishing and Consulting, Inc. Torshammarsv\u00e4gen 11 181 33 Liding\u00f6, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawson Publishing and Consulting, Inc. Torshammarsv\u00e4gen 11 181 33 Liding\u00f6, Sweden","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109433257"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4709,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90854411,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"1-5","first_page":"5","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.929099977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8990415334701538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.7483928799629211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presentation","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","score":0.6288428902626038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5367421507835388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basis","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","score":0.42497074604034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4094924330711365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.39372509717941284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.35868075489997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.3237738013267517}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8990415334701538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7483928799629211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.6288428902626038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5367421507835388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.42497074604034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4094924330711365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.39372509717941284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.35868075489997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3237738013267517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0165-6074(92)90286-g","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-6074(92)90286-g","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92214702","display_name":"Microprocessing and Microprogramming","issn_l":"0165-6074","issn":["0165-6074","1878-7061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microprocessing and Microprogramming","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975593192","https://openalex.org/W2051352410","https://openalex.org/W2066210260"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387426029","https://openalex.org/W4254162896","https://openalex.org/W4388792380","https://openalex.org/W1477999932","https://openalex.org/W4386731653","https://openalex.org/W2376001620","https://openalex.org/W2925303117","https://openalex.org/W3167529338","https://openalex.org/W4285219045","https://openalex.org/W2072343831"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}