{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2084003910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-3664(89)90111-4","title":"Cosmos: an architecture for a distributed programming environment","display_name":"Cosmos: an architecture for a distributed programming environment","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2084003910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-3664(89)90111-4","mag":"2084003910"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0140-3664(89)90111-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-3664(89)90111-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115004586","display_name":"Computer Communications","issn_l":"0140-3664","issn":["0140-3664","1873-703X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018344755","display_name":"John R. Nicol","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John R Nicol","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024611696","display_name":"Gordon S. Blair","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-1906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gordon S Blair","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025910180","display_name":"J. Malik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javad Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011528508","display_name":"Jonathan Walpole","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Walpole","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.506,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71682747,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"147","last_page":"157"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12288","display_name":"Optimization and Search Problems","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8926364183425903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.6667602062225342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmos","display_name":"Cosmos (plant)","score":0.5542852878570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.34590235352516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.34388014674186707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3263433575630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art-history","display_name":"Art history","score":0.07640963792800903}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8926364183425903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.6667602062225342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780307871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476937","display_name":"Cosmos (plant)","level":2,"score":0.5542852878570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.34590235352516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.34388014674186707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3263433575630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.07640963792800903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0140-3664(89)90111-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-3664(89)90111-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115004586","display_name":"Computer Communications","issn_l":"0140-3664","issn":["0140-3664","1873-703X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26148878","https://openalex.org/W41801118","https://openalex.org/W579749997","https://openalex.org/W1575433719","https://openalex.org/W1606991794","https://openalex.org/W1839636904","https://openalex.org/W1861078922","https://openalex.org/W1963831681","https://openalex.org/W1990138968","https://openalex.org/W2054796059","https://openalex.org/W2067025103","https://openalex.org/W2074907750","https://openalex.org/W2077495875","https://openalex.org/W2110765100","https://openalex.org/W2111491900","https://openalex.org/W2142849519","https://openalex.org/W2156680601","https://openalex.org/W2173067125","https://openalex.org/W2293754236","https://openalex.org/W6601051826","https://openalex.org/W6601633521","https://openalex.org/W6634479265","https://openalex.org/W6636348846","https://openalex.org/W6638689795","https://openalex.org/W6681040091","https://openalex.org/W6685635877"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2382986841","https://openalex.org/W2354060507","https://openalex.org/W2371792015","https://openalex.org/W2388417751","https://openalex.org/W2356762897","https://openalex.org/W4246426965","https://openalex.org/W2121854243","https://openalex.org/W2883555950","https://openalex.org/W3003815297","https://openalex.org/W1498200201"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
