{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2075072857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0097-8493(91)90081-r","title":"The \u201cTOON\u201d project: Requirements for a computerized 2D animation system","display_name":"The \u201cTOON\u201d project: Requirements for a computerized 2D animation system","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2075072857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0097-8493(91)90081-r","mag":"2075072857"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0097-8493(91)90081-r","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0097-8493(91)90081-r","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94821547","display_name":"Computers & Graphics","issn_l":"0097-8493","issn":["0097-8493","1873-7684"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053672879","display_name":"Charles X. Durand","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83328411","display_name":"State University of New York at Potsdam","ror":"https://ror.org/032qgrc76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83328411"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112962","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/022jz8688","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112962"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Charles X. Durand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer & Information Sciences, State University of New York, College at Potsdam, NY 13676 USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer & Information Sciences, State University of New York, College at Potsdam, NY 13676 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83328411","https://openalex.org/I4210112962"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053672879"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112962","https://openalex.org/I83328411"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18073316,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"285","last_page":"293"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animation","display_name":"Animation","score":0.8248021602630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7659463882446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.7403205037117004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartoonist","display_name":"Cartoonist","score":0.6801618337631226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-animation","display_name":"Computer animation","score":0.6010603904724121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5781756043434143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.49974989891052246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics","score":0.49405553936958313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4552622437477112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.4378455877304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-facial-animation","display_name":"Computer facial animation","score":0.43384653329849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4034571349620819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.397230327129364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1321302354335785}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502989409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425","display_name":"Animation","level":2,"score":0.8248021602630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7659463882446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7403205037117004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910677988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1114448","display_name":"Cartoonist","level":3,"score":0.6801618337631226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69369342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401416","display_name":"Computer animation","level":3,"score":0.6010603904724121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5781756043434143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.49974989891052246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.49405553936958313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4552622437477112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.4378455877304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138591656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157538","display_name":"Computer facial animation","level":4,"score":0.43384653329849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4034571349620819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.397230327129364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1321302354335785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0097-8493(91)90081-r","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0097-8493(91)90081-r","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94821547","display_name":"Computers & Graphics","issn_l":"0097-8493","issn":["0097-8493","1873-7684"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W113722657","https://openalex.org/W1531015801","https://openalex.org/W2014690924","https://openalex.org/W2023230533","https://openalex.org/W2046685268","https://openalex.org/W2069664246","https://openalex.org/W2083632529","https://openalex.org/W2085550288","https://openalex.org/W2094102217","https://openalex.org/W2166557212","https://openalex.org/W2489819040","https://openalex.org/W3035087796","https://openalex.org/W4244079637","https://openalex.org/W6656511028","https://openalex.org/W6723002059","https://openalex.org/W6925966122","https://openalex.org/W6926497244"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544039745","https://openalex.org/W2121378366","https://openalex.org/W2999276620","https://openalex.org/W2532377291","https://openalex.org/W2989004599","https://openalex.org/W2535923857","https://openalex.org/W1976926596","https://openalex.org/W3094080214","https://openalex.org/W2156310872","https://openalex.org/W2356609371"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}