{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2009329668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0097-8493(91)90059-q","title":"The evolution of the gingerbread man","display_name":"The evolution of the gingerbread man","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2009329668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0097-8493(91)90059-q","mag":"2009329668"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0097-8493(91)90059-q","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0097-8493(91)90059-q","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94821547","display_name":"Computers & Graphics","issn_l":"0097-8493","issn":["0097-8493","1873-7684"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003484141","display_name":"Earl F. Glynn","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Earl F. Glynn","raw_affiliation_strings":["PPG Biomedical Systems, 16505 West 113th Street, Lenexa, KS 66215 USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PPG Biomedical Systems, 16505 West 113th Street, Lenexa, KS 66215 USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003484141"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3687,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55519245,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"579","last_page":"582"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12516","display_name":"Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12516","display_name":"Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13650","display_name":"Computational Physics and Python Applications","score":0.9710999727249146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10588","display_name":"Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals","score":0.9266999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2610","display_name":"Mathematical Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal","display_name":"Fractal","score":0.6534113883972168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-evolution","display_name":"Time evolution","score":0.5364599227905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shock","display_name":"Shock (circulatory)","score":0.5040299296379089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","score":0.4751462936401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.46747562289237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.44684073328971863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3313136696815491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.2380346953868866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20999589562416077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1749137043952942}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40636538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81392","display_name":"Fractal","level":2,"score":0.6534113883972168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106553664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156744","display_name":"Time evolution","level":2,"score":0.5364599227905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781300812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178061","display_name":"Shock (circulatory)","level":2,"score":0.5040299296379089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4751462936401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.46747562289237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.44684073328971863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3313136696815491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.2380346953868866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20999589562416077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1749137043952942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0097-8493(91)90059-q","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0097-8493(91)90059-q","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94821547","display_name":"Computers & Graphics","issn_l":"0097-8493","issn":["0097-8493","1873-7684"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3804120","https://openalex.org/W1507841062","https://openalex.org/W2003319691","https://openalex.org/W2056966260","https://openalex.org/W2261545930","https://openalex.org/W6651389265","https://openalex.org/W6664676030"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013332237","https://openalex.org/W1522259561","https://openalex.org/W2295517574","https://openalex.org/W2380221404","https://openalex.org/W2373248682","https://openalex.org/W1527746113","https://openalex.org/W2225738837","https://openalex.org/W944314213","https://openalex.org/W2156263007","https://openalex.org/W2374526635"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}