{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2033720371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0096-0551(82)90004-2","title":"Choosing an implementation language for Automatic Translation","display_name":"Choosing an implementation language for Automatic Translation","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2033720371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0096-0551(82)90004-2","mag":"2033720371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0096-0551(82)90004-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0096-0551(82)90004-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181974911","display_name":"Computer Languages","issn_l":"0096-0551","issn":["0096-0551","1873-6742"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015798012","display_name":"Nadia Magnenat\u2010Thalmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1459-5960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108192572","display_name":"HEC Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05ww3wq27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108192572"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["D\u00e9partement des M\u00e9thodes Quantitatives, Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales, 5255, avenue Decelles, Montr\u00e9al, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"D\u00e9partement des M\u00e9thodes Quantitatives, Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales, 5255, avenue Decelles, Montr\u00e9al, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108192572"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015798012"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108192572"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13716776,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3-4","first_page":"161","last_page":"170"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8907610774040222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.8244983553886414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-portability","display_name":"Software portability","score":0.7749804258346558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pascal","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","score":0.7192959785461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/third-generation-programming-language","display_name":"Third-generation programming language","score":0.5550826787948608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modularity","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","score":0.5475049614906311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.5129761099815369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourth-generation-programming-language","display_name":"Fourth-generation programming language","score":0.4676273465156555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fortran","display_name":"Fortran","score":0.44454312324523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.428609162569046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/very-high-level-programming-language","display_name":"Very high-level programming language","score":0.4219728112220764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-level-programming-language","display_name":"High-level programming language","score":0.41873684525489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fifth-generation-programming-language","display_name":"Fifth-generation programming language","score":0.4131467044353485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-paradigm","display_name":"Programming paradigm","score":0.3588290512561798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-generation-programming-language","display_name":"Second-generation programming language","score":0.2992405593395233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-domain","display_name":"Programming domain","score":0.2613130807876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductive-programming","display_name":"Inductive programming","score":0.23394793272018433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-logic-programming","display_name":"Functional logic programming","score":0.20161816477775574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8907610774040222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.8244983553886414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63000827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3080428","display_name":"Software portability","level":2,"score":0.7749804258346558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75608658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44395","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","level":2,"score":0.7192959785461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206146517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1294375","display_name":"Third-generation programming language","level":5,"score":0.5550826787948608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779478453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889748","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5475049614906311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.5129761099815369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145628200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q238137","display_name":"Fourth-generation programming language","level":5,"score":0.4676273465156555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778241615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83303","display_name":"Fortran","level":2,"score":0.44454312324523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.428609162569046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169796678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835124","display_name":"Very high-level programming language","level":5,"score":0.4219728112220764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19024347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211496","display_name":"High-level programming language","level":3,"score":0.41873684525489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199305712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3205914","display_name":"Fifth-generation programming language","level":3,"score":0.4131467044353485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.3588290512561798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11164408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18657800","display_name":"Second-generation programming language","level":4,"score":0.2992405593395233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119263510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248501","display_name":"Programming domain","level":4,"score":0.2613130807876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50033165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15712089","display_name":"Inductive programming","level":3,"score":0.23394793272018433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96315309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5508829","display_name":"Functional logic programming","level":4,"score":0.20161816477775574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0096-0551(82)90004-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0096-0551(82)90004-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181974911","display_name":"Computer Languages","issn_l":"0096-0551","issn":["0096-0551","1873-6742"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W198329543","https://openalex.org/W577041077","https://openalex.org/W603019370","https://openalex.org/W1577384748","https://openalex.org/W1601593571","https://openalex.org/W1809844233","https://openalex.org/W1983678175","https://openalex.org/W2105986919","https://openalex.org/W2122875883","https://openalex.org/W2124975552","https://openalex.org/W2418656106","https://openalex.org/W2531563875","https://openalex.org/W2611598995","https://openalex.org/W2616712271","https://openalex.org/W4235077482","https://openalex.org/W6608055982","https://openalex.org/W6738343901"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2184196891","https://openalex.org/W1488433523","https://openalex.org/W2460526744","https://openalex.org/W2954318817","https://openalex.org/W2081952504","https://openalex.org/W2235266364","https://openalex.org/W1501455379","https://openalex.org/W2065607843","https://openalex.org/W2600433657","https://openalex.org/W2022022444"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}