{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017937415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(94)90132-5","title":"Discrimination of characters by a multi-stage recognition process","display_name":"Discrimination of characters by a multi-stage recognition process","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017937415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(94)90132-5","mag":"2017937415"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0031-3203(94)90132-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(94)90132-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101086259","display_name":"Jiangying Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155557","display_name":"Panasonic (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05sqbw136","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283155146","https://openalex.org/I4210155557"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiangying Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Matsushita Information Technology Laboratory, Two Research Way Princeton, NJ 08540, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Matsushita Information Technology Laboratory, Two Research Way Princeton, NJ 08540, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155557"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113584053","display_name":"Theo Pavlidis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087560","display_name":"Stony Brook School","ror":"https://ror.org/003wx9n05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087560"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theo Pavlidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, SUNY/Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, SUNY/Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526","https://openalex.org/I4210087560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101086259"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155557"],"apc_list":{"value":2710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2710},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6747,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8961723,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"11","first_page":"1539","last_page":"1549"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12923","display_name":"Digital Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12923","display_name":"Digital Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.8246837854385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.723993182182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.7107968926429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6917072534561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.6376310586929321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5853506922721863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5702953338623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5520970821380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5442481637001038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.4842197895050049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4627523422241211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1556910276412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.09604907035827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.07225844264030457}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.8246837854385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.723993182182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.7107968926429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6917072534561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6376310586929321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5853506922721863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5702953338623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5520970821380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5442481637001038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4842197895050049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4627523422241211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1556910276412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.09604907035827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.07225844264030457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0031-3203(94)90132-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(94)90132-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16324532","https://openalex.org/W1482447895","https://openalex.org/W1979819178","https://openalex.org/W2006250284","https://openalex.org/W2068731050","https://openalex.org/W2084842674","https://openalex.org/W2102428248","https://openalex.org/W2111933145","https://openalex.org/W2113019473","https://openalex.org/W2158008371","https://openalex.org/W2295228577","https://openalex.org/W4250183413","https://openalex.org/W6628902064","https://openalex.org/W6645475201","https://openalex.org/W6652627031","https://openalex.org/W6677135318","https://openalex.org/W6697072100"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2353179089","https://openalex.org/W2923538289","https://openalex.org/W2353125546","https://openalex.org/W2470643824","https://openalex.org/W2349635380","https://openalex.org/W2892704491","https://openalex.org/W2106936331","https://openalex.org/W1985626581","https://openalex.org/W2321008539","https://openalex.org/W2510702936"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}