{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2006748152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(94)90011-6","title":"A relative entropy-based approach to image thresholding","display_name":"A relative entropy-based approach to image thresholding","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2006748152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(94)90011-6","mag":"2006748152"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0031-3203(94)90011-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(94)90011-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073412670","display_name":"Chein\u2010I Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5450-4891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79272384","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chein-I Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County Campus, Baltimore, MD 21228-5398, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County Campus, Baltimore, MD 21228-5398, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032834437","display_name":"Kebo Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79272384","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kebo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County Campus, Baltimore, MD 21228-5398, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County Campus, Baltimore, MD 21228-5398, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100424796","display_name":"Jianwei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1313-9266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79272384","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianwei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County Campus, Baltimore, MD 21228-5398, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County Campus, Baltimore, MD 21228-5398, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061493356","display_name":"Mark L. Althouse","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800475051","display_name":"CECOM Software Engineering Center","ror":"https://ror.org/044webc45","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800475051","https://openalex.org/I4405253748","https://openalex.org/I4405254906"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark L.G. Althouse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edgewood Research, Development and Engineering Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5432, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edgewood Research, Development and Engineering Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5432, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800475051"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2850},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1323,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":147,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9555661,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"9","first_page":"1275","last_page":"1289"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.7246754765510559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint-entropy","display_name":"Joint entropy","score":0.6840682029724121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.6229623556137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5888985991477966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kullback\u2013leibler-divergence","display_name":"Kullback\u2013Leibler divergence","score":0.5785195827484131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalized-relative-entropy","display_name":"Generalized relative entropy","score":0.5091661810874939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-entropy-probability-distribution","display_name":"Maximum entropy probability distribution","score":0.4766070246696472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-relative-entropy","display_name":"Quantum relative entropy","score":0.4461880922317505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4353303611278534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principle-of-maximum-entropy","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","score":0.43400561809539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint-quantum-entropy","display_name":"Joint quantum entropy","score":0.42591720819473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4003887176513672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3333442509174347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.16373056173324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10258021950721741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-discord","display_name":"Quantum discord","score":0.06777900457382202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.7246754765510559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106752470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364826","display_name":"Joint entropy","level":3,"score":0.6840682029724121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.6229623556137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5888985991477966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171752962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255166","display_name":"Kullback\u2013Leibler divergence","level":2,"score":0.5785195827484131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5084201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17090689","display_name":"Generalized relative entropy","level":5,"score":0.5091661810874939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60507348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795892","display_name":"Maximum entropy probability distribution","level":3,"score":0.4766070246696472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24495805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269091","display_name":"Quantum relative entropy","level":5,"score":0.4461880922317505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4353303611278534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9679016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417473","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","level":2,"score":0.43400561809539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42047476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6269544","display_name":"Joint quantum entropy","level":3,"score":0.42591720819473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4003887176513672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3333442509174347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.16373056173324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10258021950721741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139356082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269038","display_name":"Quantum discord","level":4,"score":0.06777900457382202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121040770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215675","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0031-3203(94)90011-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(94)90011-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:ADA483881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&amp;verb=getRecord&amp;metadataPrefix=html&amp;identifier=ADA483881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923043","display_name":"Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"DTIC","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W297279189","https://openalex.org/W1978321637","https://openalex.org/W1984153831","https://openalex.org/W2006162810","https://openalex.org/W2015148966","https://openalex.org/W2024577695","https://openalex.org/W2083970667","https://openalex.org/W2123838014","https://openalex.org/W2132839152","https://openalex.org/W2141358266","https://openalex.org/W2148574462","https://openalex.org/W4252410133"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4283013026","https://openalex.org/W1980795850","https://openalex.org/W218595706","https://openalex.org/W2189660299","https://openalex.org/W3099553964","https://openalex.org/W4252827860","https://openalex.org/W2242607083","https://openalex.org/W2092814302","https://openalex.org/W2608546004","https://openalex.org/W3100954629"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
