{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018114786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(92)90091-v","title":"What is distance and why do we need the metric model for pattern learning?","display_name":"What is distance and why do we need the metric model for pattern learning?","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018114786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(92)90091-v","mag":"2018114786"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0031-3203(92)90091-v","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(92)90091-v","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082615216","display_name":"Lev Goldfarb","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106938459","display_name":"University of New Brunswick","ror":"https://ror.org/05nkf0n29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lev Goldfarb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, University of New Brunswick, Box 4400, Fredericton, N.B., Canada E3B 5A3","Intelligent Information Systems (IIS), 29 Pembroke Crescent, Fredericton, N.B., Canada E3B 2V1"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, University of New Brunswick, Box 4400, Fredericton, N.B., Canada E3B 5A3","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Information Systems (IIS), 29 Pembroke Crescent, Fredericton, N.B., Canada E3B 2V1","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082615216"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"],"apc_list":{"value":2710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2710},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.8698,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99289499,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"4","first_page":"431","last_page":"438"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6477716565132141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5872347354888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5084985494613647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08901453018188477}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6477716565132141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5872347354888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5084985494613647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08901453018188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0031-3203(92)90091-v","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(92)90091-v","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501657095","https://openalex.org/W1530383550","https://openalex.org/W1978909760","https://openalex.org/W1979662950","https://openalex.org/W1984432998","https://openalex.org/W2009207944","https://openalex.org/W2021088858","https://openalex.org/W2054804336","https://openalex.org/W2065544230","https://openalex.org/W2076523907","https://openalex.org/W2084209304","https://openalex.org/W3017143921"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3107474891","https://openalex.org/W2054697996","https://openalex.org/W2795913521","https://openalex.org/W3014552397","https://openalex.org/W2991626910","https://openalex.org/W2469743300","https://openalex.org/W2908128570","https://openalex.org/W2992707672","https://openalex.org/W397719860","https://openalex.org/W2004336531"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
