{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2033849769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(81)90028-5","title":"A survey on image segmentation","display_name":"A survey on image segmentation","publication_year":1981,"publication_date":"1981-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2033849769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(81)90028-5","mag":"2033849769"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0031-3203(81)90028-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(81)90028-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101731463","display_name":"K. S. Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6139-509X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.S. Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, U.S.A","School of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, U. S. A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, U. S. A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047622060","display_name":"Jack K. Mui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45536552","display_name":"North Central College","ror":"https://ror.org/02ehan050","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45536552"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.K. Mui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Telephone Laboratories, Naperville, Illinois 60540, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Telephone Laboratories, Naperville, Illinois 60540, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45536552"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2850},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.0511,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1202,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99210526,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"3","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12923","display_name":"Digital Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.8888039588928223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8032935857772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.7122430801391602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6513773798942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6450526714324951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6438553929328918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/region-growing","display_name":"Region growing","score":0.611060380935669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-space-segmentation","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","score":0.597924530506134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation-based-object-categorization","display_name":"Segmentation-based object categorization","score":0.5954948663711548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5765417218208313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5472712516784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-detection","display_name":"Edge detection","score":0.5426469445228577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5284428596496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4394083321094513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4310513138771057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range-segmentation","display_name":"Range segmentation","score":0.4130456745624542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.2874772548675537}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.8888039588928223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8032935857772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.7122430801391602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6513773798942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6450526714324951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6438553929328918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206824153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1169834","display_name":"Region growing","level":5,"score":0.611060380935669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65885262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429708","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","level":4,"score":0.597924530506134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25694479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7446278","display_name":"Segmentation-based object categorization","level":5,"score":0.5954948663711548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5765417218208313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5472712516784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193536780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513153","display_name":"Edge detection","level":4,"score":0.5426469445228577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5284428596496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4394083321094513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4310513138771057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67561299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7292710","display_name":"Range segmentation","level":5,"score":0.4130456745624542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2874772548675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0031-3203(81)90028-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(81)90028-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":97,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84123927","https://openalex.org/W776008285","https://openalex.org/W1491516456","https://openalex.org/W1499545388","https://openalex.org/W1530383550","https://openalex.org/W1548470819","https://openalex.org/W1581114296","https://openalex.org/W1589450660","https://openalex.org/W1622620102","https://openalex.org/W1680063986","https://openalex.org/W1736099096","https://openalex.org/W1964147847","https://openalex.org/W1966086005","https://openalex.org/W1968245656","https://openalex.org/W1970144710","https://openalex.org/W1972885239","https://openalex.org/W1977439665","https://openalex.org/W1978441807","https://openalex.org/W1978627835","https://openalex.org/W1978818813","https://openalex.org/W1979622972","https://openalex.org/W1980448751","https://openalex.org/W1983058663","https://openalex.org/W1983714003","https://openalex.org/W1986266833","https://openalex.org/W1998033396","https://openalex.org/W1998469791","https://openalex.org/W2002667053","https://openalex.org/W2002811962","https://openalex.org/W2003750906","https://openalex.org/W2016396776","https://openalex.org/W2019079363","https://openalex.org/W2019831869","https://openalex.org/W2026527669","https://openalex.org/W2028342867","https://openalex.org/W2028750032","https://openalex.org/W2028781875","https://openalex.org/W2028973780","https://openalex.org/W2035848146","https://openalex.org/W2036812378","https://openalex.org/W2038584908","https://openalex.org/W2038766538","https://openalex.org/W2042342673","https://openalex.org/W2049113041","https://openalex.org/W2054804336","https://openalex.org/W2057683929","https://openalex.org/W2063751786","https://openalex.org/W2065544230","https://openalex.org/W2069471540","https://openalex.org/W2069610368","https://openalex.org/W2069853858","https://openalex.org/W2070528474","https://openalex.org/W2076640017","https://openalex.org/W2080231183","https://openalex.org/W2082208555","https://openalex.org/W2082917807","https://openalex.org/W2083207883","https://openalex.org/W2085864267","https://openalex.org/W2089269779","https://openalex.org/W2089628901","https://openalex.org/W2091093248","https://openalex.org/W2095905764","https://openalex.org/W2108729336","https://openalex.org/W2110890818","https://openalex.org/W2115235609","https://openalex.org/W2124736270","https://openalex.org/W2133138342","https://openalex.org/W2133246412","https://openalex.org/W2136521448","https://openalex.org/W2146173142","https://openalex.org/W2147333348","https://openalex.org/W2171605360","https://openalex.org/W2317581969","https://openalex.org/W3017143921","https://openalex.org/W3019695583","https://openalex.org/W3033952587","https://openalex.org/W3041391505","https://openalex.org/W4211170080","https://openalex.org/W4240188768","https://openalex.org/W4251530686","https://openalex.org/W4285259144","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6603403043","https://openalex.org/W6622352655","https://openalex.org/W6629870156","https://openalex.org/W6630078223","https://openalex.org/W6632847884","https://openalex.org/W6634658206","https://openalex.org/W6645960552","https://openalex.org/W6646979536","https://openalex.org/W6662661300","https://openalex.org/W6676449312","https://openalex.org/W6685215438","https://openalex.org/W6776204653","https://openalex.org/W6780590164","https://openalex.org/W7042577055","https://openalex.org/W7067696259"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2394279717","https://openalex.org/W2551987074","https://openalex.org/W2553765490","https://openalex.org/W3144569342","https://openalex.org/W2785294226","https://openalex.org/W326224813","https://openalex.org/W2372421320","https://openalex.org/W2150504945","https://openalex.org/W3152412130","https://openalex.org/W2386644571"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":57}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}