{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3004537778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0000(93)90044-w","title":"Self-testing/correcting with applications to numerical problems","display_name":"Self-testing/correcting with applications to numerical problems","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3004537778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0000(93)90044-w","mag":"3004537778"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0022-0000(93)90044-w","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0000(93)90044-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S141020589","display_name":"Journal of Computer and System Sciences","issn_l":"0022-0000","issn":["0022-0000","1090-2724"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computer and System Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102766796","display_name":"Manuel Blum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0982-4845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297971548","display_name":"International Computer Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ewh7m12","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Blum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Division, U.C. Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Division, U.C. Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079654174","display_name":"Michael Luby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-8072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297971548","display_name":"International Computer Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ewh7m12","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Luby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Division, U.C. Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA","International Computer Science Institute, Berkeley, California 94704, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Division, U.C. Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute, Berkeley, California 94704, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041567023","display_name":"Ronitt Rubinfeld","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronitt Rubinfeld","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102766796"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":{"value":2520,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2520},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.1498,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":720,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97612064,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"3","first_page":"549","last_page":"595"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11435","display_name":"Polynomial and algebraic computation","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-multiplication","display_name":"Matrix multiplication","score":0.7211801409721375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","score":0.6796067953109741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplication","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","score":0.6542404890060425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-arithmetic","display_name":"Modular arithmetic","score":0.5796499848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.5526106953620911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5208142995834351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.520075261592865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.5178411602973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-matrix","display_name":"Integer matrix","score":0.48678824305534363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.47223660349845886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4707135558128357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.4685191810131073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-exponentiation","display_name":"Modular exponentiation","score":0.4656437635421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polynomial","display_name":"Polynomial","score":0.4645725190639496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/division","display_name":"Division (mathematics)","score":0.46039125323295593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponentiation","display_name":"Exponentiation","score":0.44261062145233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplication-algorithm","display_name":"Multiplication algorithm","score":0.4120626747608185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.40252697467803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.32818493247032166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.32598114013671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.280988872051239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.20679673552513123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symmetric-matrix","display_name":"Symmetric matrix","score":0.1271955668926239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.10925722122192383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.06890764832496643}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17349429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049914","display_name":"Matrix multiplication","level":3,"score":0.7211801409721375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6796067953109741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780595030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3860309","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","level":2,"score":0.6542404890060425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32049820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319400","display_name":"Modular arithmetic","level":3,"score":0.5796499848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5526106953620911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5208142995834351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.520075261592865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5178411602973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62555958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042601","display_name":"Integer matrix","level":5,"score":0.48678824305534363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.47223660349845886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4707135558128357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4685191810131073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152763109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228841","display_name":"Modular exponentiation","level":4,"score":0.4656437635421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90119067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43260","display_name":"Polynomial","level":2,"score":0.4645725190639496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60798267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1226939","display_name":"Division (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46039125323295593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81539297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33456","display_name":"Exponentiation","level":2,"score":0.44261062145233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201290732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130762","display_name":"Multiplication algorithm","level":3,"score":0.4120626747608185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.40252697467803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.32818493247032166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32598114013671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.280988872051239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.20679673552513123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54848796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339011","display_name":"Symmetric matrix","level":3,"score":0.1271955668926239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.10925722122192383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.06890764832496643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139018669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6961560","display_name":"Nonnegative matrix","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0022-0000(93)90044-w","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0000(93)90044-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S141020589","display_name":"Journal of Computer and System Sciences","issn_l":"0022-0000","issn":["0022-0000","1090-2724"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computer and System Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W194582147","https://openalex.org/W1480319329","https://openalex.org/W1506921193","https://openalex.org/W1569649260","https://openalex.org/W1655990431","https://openalex.org/W1968223186","https://openalex.org/W1970606468","https://openalex.org/W1985008110","https://openalex.org/W2006181434","https://openalex.org/W2026123763","https://openalex.org/W2035476608","https://openalex.org/W2083368929","https://openalex.org/W2094500233","https://openalex.org/W2164284862","https://openalex.org/W2737885910","https://openalex.org/W6607862410","https://openalex.org/W6630302922","https://openalex.org/W6635385514","https://openalex.org/W6635685268","https://openalex.org/W6642965676","https://openalex.org/W6645117220","https://openalex.org/W6649355289","https://openalex.org/W6651470041","https://openalex.org/W6658693402","https://openalex.org/W6670533330","https://openalex.org/W6674072247","https://openalex.org/W6674483030","https://openalex.org/W6674658004","https://openalex.org/W6680538620","https://openalex.org/W6684646715","https://openalex.org/W6697343212","https://openalex.org/W6713169651"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076621334","https://openalex.org/W2107014706","https://openalex.org/W2543318645","https://openalex.org/W2516936488","https://openalex.org/W2148643256","https://openalex.org/W2351661629","https://openalex.org/W2292159208","https://openalex.org/W1977356083","https://openalex.org/W2137988767","https://openalex.org/W2104685162"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":33}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
