{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1999384241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0000(89)90020-2","title":"Probabilistic complexity classes and lowness","display_name":"Probabilistic complexity classes and lowness","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1999384241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0000(89)90020-2","mag":"1999384241"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0022-0000(89)90020-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0000(89)90020-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S141020589","display_name":"Journal of Computer and System Sciences","issn_l":"0022-0000","issn":["0022-0000","1090-2724"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computer and System Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055009733","display_name":"Uwe Sch\u00f6ning","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16264642","display_name":"Koblenz University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04j351e79","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16264642"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Uwe Sch\u00f6ning","raw_affiliation_strings":["EWH Koblenz, Rheinau 3-4, D-5400 Koblenz, West Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EWH Koblenz, Rheinau 3-4, D-5400 Koblenz, West Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16264642"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055009733"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16264642"],"apc_list":{"value":2520,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2520},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.6594,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":122,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98328598,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"1","first_page":"84","last_page":"100"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.8804374933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantifier","display_name":"Quantifier (linguistics)","score":0.8107330799102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-analysis-of-algorithms","display_name":"Probabilistic analysis of algorithms","score":0.5465937256813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5202025771141052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5050521492958069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.49919676780700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantifier-elimination","display_name":"Quantifier elimination","score":0.4742937386035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.4229589104652405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39793407917022705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.3950008451938629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.30661118030548096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1268461048603058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08327785134315491}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.8804374933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778523021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532504","display_name":"Quantifier (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.8107330799102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24404364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246846","display_name":"Probabilistic analysis of algorithms","level":3,"score":0.5465937256813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5202025771141052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5050521492958069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.49919676780700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32278780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849020","display_name":"Quantifier elimination","level":2,"score":0.4742937386035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.4229589104652405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39793407917022705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3950008451938629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.30661118030548096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1268461048603058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08327785134315491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0022-0000(89)90020-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0000(89)90020-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S141020589","display_name":"Journal of Computer and System Sciences","issn_l":"0022-0000","issn":["0022-0000","1090-2724"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computer and System Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1858775609","https://openalex.org/W1966945335","https://openalex.org/W1967159037","https://openalex.org/W1970089350","https://openalex.org/W1980837654","https://openalex.org/W1982143949","https://openalex.org/W1984976620","https://openalex.org/W1986602165","https://openalex.org/W1996184580","https://openalex.org/W1999384241","https://openalex.org/W1999609654","https://openalex.org/W2004060519","https://openalex.org/W2005440350","https://openalex.org/W2011042573","https://openalex.org/W2011358434","https://openalex.org/W2014603110","https://openalex.org/W2018099718","https://openalex.org/W2033908054","https://openalex.org/W2034917600","https://openalex.org/W2036095420","https://openalex.org/W2041317738","https://openalex.org/W2058172107","https://openalex.org/W2059442002","https://openalex.org/W2062767125","https://openalex.org/W2065251436","https://openalex.org/W2077202644","https://openalex.org/W2090186532","https://openalex.org/W2096390054","https://openalex.org/W2131798840","https://openalex.org/W2134694522","https://openalex.org/W2148957455","https://openalex.org/W2153191867","https://openalex.org/W2500837594","https://openalex.org/W3111890340","https://openalex.org/W6642755269","https://openalex.org/W6642965676","https://openalex.org/W6646293328","https://openalex.org/W6660402101","https://openalex.org/W6667763384","https://openalex.org/W6674658004","https://openalex.org/W6679636167"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4214737172","https://openalex.org/W3012938552","https://openalex.org/W2324712051","https://openalex.org/W4287825236","https://openalex.org/W1239946963","https://openalex.org/W1973527399","https://openalex.org/W71729059","https://openalex.org/W1524103539","https://openalex.org/W3216731410","https://openalex.org/W2798639752"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
