{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2045426091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0271(71)90010-6","title":"The inapplicability of the dictionary\u2014 Encyclopedia distinction to the semantics of natural languages","display_name":"The inapplicability of the dictionary\u2014 Encyclopedia distinction to the semantics of natural languages","publication_year":1971,"publication_date":"1971-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2045426091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0271(71)90010-6","mag":"2045426091"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0020-0271(71)90010-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0271(71)90010-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S817957","display_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","issn_l":"0020-0271","issn":["0020-0271","1878-4089"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087473897","display_name":"Raymond D. Gumb","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184759092","display_name":"Lafayette College","ror":"https://ror.org/036n0x007","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184759092"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R.D. Gumb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philosophy Department, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philosophy Department, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184759092"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087473897"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184759092"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7638,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9534216,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"6","first_page":"445","last_page":"452"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12353","display_name":"Lexicography and Language Studies","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12353","display_name":"Lexicography and Language Studies","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13156","display_name":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12881","display_name":"linguistics and terminology studies","score":0.9775999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encyclopedia","display_name":"Encyclopedia","score":0.9800420999526978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.6751842498779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.577945351600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.544259250164032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.5255709290504456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47123822569847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4557977318763733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.4426988363265991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.18157395720481873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.16101300716400146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148863701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5292","display_name":"Encyclopedia","level":2,"score":0.9800420999526978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.6751842498779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.577945351600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.544259250164032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5255709290504456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47123822569847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4557977318763733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4426988363265991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.18157395720481873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.16101300716400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0020-0271(71)90010-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0271(71)90010-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S817957","display_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","issn_l":"0020-0271","issn":["0020-0271","1878-4089"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W618784794","https://openalex.org/W1553013770","https://openalex.org/W1973035294","https://openalex.org/W2011872737","https://openalex.org/W2561277497","https://openalex.org/W2736022969","https://openalex.org/W3005278268","https://openalex.org/W3146016985","https://openalex.org/W6633277768","https://openalex.org/W6773768534","https://openalex.org/W6833218497"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2348562996","https://openalex.org/W4387776128","https://openalex.org/W4244686159","https://openalex.org/W3159833212","https://openalex.org/W3010321750","https://openalex.org/W3007654203","https://openalex.org/W3011873497","https://openalex.org/W4226226396","https://openalex.org/W3153750606","https://openalex.org/W4308854837"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}