{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2041566873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(94)00185-2","title":"The relativized relationship between probabilistically checkable debate systems, IP and PSPACE","display_name":"The relativized relationship between probabilistically checkable debate systems, IP and PSPACE","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2041566873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(94)00185-2","mag":"2041566873"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0020-0190(94)00185-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(94)00185-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147953040","display_name":"Information Processing Letters","issn_l":"0020-0190","issn":["0020-0190","1872-6119"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088846595","display_name":"Alexander Russell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8228-6238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Russell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 545 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 545 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103159653","display_name":"Ravi Sundaram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5657-4298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ravi Sundaram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 545 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 545 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103159653"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.588,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75551218,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"2","first_page":"61","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pspace","display_name":"PSPACE","score":0.9174831509590149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6385392546653748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.559661865234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.47851622104644775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4478307366371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.44734853506088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.2686884105205536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2288680374622345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.15682172775268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.05349203944206238}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197685441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500716","display_name":"PSPACE","level":3,"score":0.9174831509590149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6385392546653748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.559661865234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.47851622104644775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4478307366371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.44734853506088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.2686884105205536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2288680374622345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.15682172775268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.05349203944206238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0020-0190(94)00185-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(94)00185-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147953040","display_name":"Information Processing Letters","issn_l":"0020-0190","issn":["0020-0190","1872-6119"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.17.8460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.17.8460","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.lcs.mit.edu/publications/pubs/ps/MIT-LCS-TM-492.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.18.1575","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.18.1575","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.lcs.mit.edu/publications/pubs/pdf/MIT-LCS-TM-492.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5023290701","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-92-1799","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6664643053","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-92-J-1799","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G905769334","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F49620-92-J-0125","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67924050","https://openalex.org/W99342914","https://openalex.org/W1970606468","https://openalex.org/W1982248598","https://openalex.org/W1993138363","https://openalex.org/W2008699161","https://openalex.org/W2016506875","https://openalex.org/W2019482147","https://openalex.org/W2054801208","https://openalex.org/W2060924284","https://openalex.org/W2062767125","https://openalex.org/W2082647621","https://openalex.org/W2096390054","https://openalex.org/W2125495920","https://openalex.org/W2143391442","https://openalex.org/W2148957455","https://openalex.org/W2293988196","https://openalex.org/W2315905328","https://openalex.org/W2401608633","https://openalex.org/W2987615174","https://openalex.org/W6602804072","https://openalex.org/W6604037541","https://openalex.org/W6655441522","https://openalex.org/W6664103535","https://openalex.org/W6674658004","https://openalex.org/W6681300758","https://openalex.org/W6713191198"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2808944898","https://openalex.org/W4254119641","https://openalex.org/W3196207352","https://openalex.org/W2951724202","https://openalex.org/W1504200807","https://openalex.org/W3117732946","https://openalex.org/W2963307440","https://openalex.org/W4300757861","https://openalex.org/W2404289303","https://openalex.org/W3194500959"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}