{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2040734056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(84)90060-7","title":"An inductive number-theoretic characterization of NP","display_name":"An inductive number-theoretic characterization of NP","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2040734056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(84)90060-7","mag":"2040734056"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0020-0190(84)90060-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(84)90060-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147953040","display_name":"Information Processing Letters","issn_l":"0020-0190","issn":["0020-0190","1872-6119"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036402775","display_name":"George Tourlakis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455969","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"George Tourlakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Atkinson College, York University, Downsview, Ontario M3J 2R7, Canada","York Univ., Downsview, Ont., Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Atkinson College, York University, Downsview, Ontario M3J 2R7, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"York Univ., Downsview, Ont., Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036402775"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18661373,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"5","first_page":"245","last_page":"247"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13234","display_name":"advanced mathematical theories","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2610","display_name":"Mathematical Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13234","display_name":"advanced mathematical theories","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2610","display_name":"Mathematical Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9323999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9304999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concatenation","display_name":"Concatenation (mathematics)","score":0.8345915079116821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closure","display_name":"Closure (psychology)","score":0.7088181972503662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.6772755980491638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","score":0.6620385050773621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substitution","display_name":"Substitution (logic)","score":0.6386215686798096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.605616569519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5807774662971497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.537466287612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.5130654573440552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.28796058893203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.26291462779045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17339780926704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.0669015645980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.056237608194351196}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87619178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126002","display_name":"Concatenation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.8345915079116821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146834321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2979672","display_name":"Closure (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7088181972503662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.6772755980491638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.6620385050773621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778220771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1522579","display_name":"Substitution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.6386215686798096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.605616569519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5807774662971497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.537466287612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.5130654573440552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28796058893203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.26291462779045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17339780926704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0669015645980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.056237608194351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0020-0190(84)90060-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(84)90060-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147953040","display_name":"Information Processing Letters","issn_l":"0020-0190","issn":["0020-0190","1872-6119"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4000000059604645}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981324778","https://openalex.org/W2035004935","https://openalex.org/W6659160143","https://openalex.org/W7048286187"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2373577936","https://openalex.org/W4221148444","https://openalex.org/W4387678054","https://openalex.org/W2389596151","https://openalex.org/W3095575180","https://openalex.org/W4306784355","https://openalex.org/W2169308097","https://openalex.org/W4246226292","https://openalex.org/W3091984855","https://openalex.org/W2150768546"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
