{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1968864043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(81)90050-8","title":"The complexity of testing whether a graph is a superconcentrator","display_name":"The complexity of testing whether a graph is a superconcentrator","publication_year":1981,"publication_date":"1981-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1968864043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(81)90050-8","mag":"1968864043"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0020-0190(81)90050-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(81)90050-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147953040","display_name":"Information Processing Letters","issn_l":"0020-0190","issn":["0020-0190","1872-6119"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102766796","display_name":"Manuel Blum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0982-4845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Blum","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A","University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068875104","display_name":"Richard M. Karp","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.M. Karp","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A","University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085072639","display_name":"Oliver Vornberger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. Vornberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A","University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037778525","display_name":"C.H. Papadimitriu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.H. Papadimitriu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A","Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139 U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139 U.S.A","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043084405","display_name":"Mihalis Yannakakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2857-1860"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Yannakakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, U.S.A","Bell-Labs, Murray Hill, NJ, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell-Labs, Murray Hill, NJ, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102766796"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06503956,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4-5","first_page":"164","last_page":"167"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6312633752822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigenvalues-and-eigenvectors","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","score":0.6193100810050964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypercube","display_name":"Hypercube","score":0.5759891271591187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.4893302321434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.47144806385040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-connectedness","display_name":"Social connectedness","score":0.46377792954444885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.4518361985683441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.4494664967060089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.433050274848938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-graph-theory","display_name":"Spectral graph theory","score":0.43106651306152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laplacian-matrix","display_name":"Laplacian matrix","score":0.42705416679382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-cut","display_name":"Maximum cut","score":0.42291051149368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laplace-operator","display_name":"Laplace operator","score":0.4126852750778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2669512629508972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-graph","display_name":"Line graph","score":0.14425981044769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-graph","display_name":"Voltage graph","score":0.12109765410423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6312633752822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.6193100810050964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50820777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213723","display_name":"Hypercube","level":2,"score":0.5759891271591187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.4893302321434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.47144806385040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201943243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551008","display_name":"Social connectedness","level":2,"score":0.46377792954444885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.4518361985683441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4494664967060089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.433050274848938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74003402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3180727","display_name":"Spectral graph theory","level":5,"score":0.43106651306152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115178988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q772067","display_name":"Laplacian matrix","level":3,"score":0.42705416679382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165526019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942557","display_name":"Maximum cut","level":3,"score":0.42291051149368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165700671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203484","display_name":"Laplace operator","level":2,"score":0.4126852750778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2669512629508972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203776342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378376","display_name":"Line graph","level":3,"score":0.14425981044769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22149727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7940747","display_name":"Voltage graph","level":4,"score":0.12109765410423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0020-0190(81)90050-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(81)90050-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147953040","display_name":"Information Processing Letters","issn_l":"0020-0190","issn":["0020-0190","1872-6119"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964119857","https://openalex.org/W2045064738","https://openalex.org/W2063292248","https://openalex.org/W2157529519","https://openalex.org/W4235082445"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2188097034","https://openalex.org/W3004345458","https://openalex.org/W1717036717","https://openalex.org/W2478475484","https://openalex.org/W2029616478","https://openalex.org/W2081084405","https://openalex.org/W4386468260","https://openalex.org/W2795850273","https://openalex.org/W2537944959","https://openalex.org/W2557541666"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
