{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997223024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(78)90033-9","title":"A class of grammar generating non-counting languages","display_name":"A class of grammar generating non-counting languages","publication_year":1978,"publication_date":"1978-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997223024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(78)90033-9","mag":"1997223024"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0020-0190(78)90033-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(78)90033-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147953040","display_name":"Information Processing Letters","issn_l":"0020-0190","issn":["0020-0190","1872-6119"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109850424","display_name":"Stefano Crespi-Reghizzi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Crespi-Reghizzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["I'stituto Scienze Informazione, Universit\u00e1 di Pisa, C.so Italia 40, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"I'stituto Scienze Informazione, Universit\u00e1 di Pisa, C.so Italia 40, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002217309","display_name":"Dino Mandrioli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0945-5947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dino Mandrioli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto di Elettrotecnica ed Elettronica, Politecnico di Milano, P.za L. da Vinci 32, Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Elettrotecnica ed Elettronica, Politecnico di Milano, P.za L. da Vinci 32, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109850424"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3178,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85101454,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"24","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.641340970993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.61381995677948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5458283424377441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4444597363471985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.40768271684646606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34685689210891724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.32174983620643616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.25208815932273865}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.641340970993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.61381995677948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5458283424377441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4444597363471985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.40768271684646606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34685689210891724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.32174983620643616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.25208815932273865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0020-0190(78)90033-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(78)90033-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147953040","display_name":"Information Processing Letters","issn_l":"0020-0190","issn":["0020-0190","1872-6119"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W587223573","https://openalex.org/W1768003599","https://openalex.org/W1972531631","https://openalex.org/W1975010878","https://openalex.org/W2011245871","https://openalex.org/W2015692375","https://openalex.org/W2127257326","https://openalex.org/W2294348221","https://openalex.org/W2478669464","https://openalex.org/W2504247940"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2063575861","https://openalex.org/W4231937131","https://openalex.org/W3188962172","https://openalex.org/W323219885","https://openalex.org/W2063928587","https://openalex.org/W2130654837","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W4292559016","https://openalex.org/W1589342014","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
