{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015322433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-365x(93)e0139-u","title":"Shift graphs and lower bounds on Ramsey numbers rk(l; r)","display_name":"Shift graphs and lower bounds on Ramsey numbers rk(l; r)","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015322433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-365x(93)e0139-u","mag":"2015322433"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0012-365x(93)e0139-u","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-365x(93)e0139-u","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18902827","display_name":"Discrete Mathematics","issn_l":"0012-365X","issn":["0012-365X","1872-681X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discrete Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049969933","display_name":"Dwight Duffus","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dwight Duffus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA","Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111658468","display_name":"Hannon Lefmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hannon Lefmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Mathematik, SFB 343, Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld, W-4800 Bielefeld I, Germany","Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Mathematik, SFB 343, Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld, W-4800 Bielefeld I, Germany#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Mathematik, SFB 343, Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld, W-4800 Bielefeld I, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Mathematik, SFB 343, Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld, W-4800 Bielefeld I, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109078443","display_name":"Vojt\u011bch R\u00f6dl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vojt\u011bch R\u00f6dl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA","Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111658468"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1472937,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"137","issue":"1-3","first_page":"177","last_page":"187"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11329","display_name":"Limits and Structures in Graph Theory","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2607","display_name":"Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11329","display_name":"Limits and Structures in Graph Theory","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2607","display_name":"Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11151","display_name":"Advanced Topology and Set Theory","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2608","display_name":"Geometry and Topology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10374","display_name":"Advanced Graph Theory Research","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.884924054145813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ramseys-theorem","display_name":"Ramsey's theorem","score":0.8404594659805298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.8304053544998169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/element","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","score":0.7159969806671143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","score":0.6180499196052551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tower","display_name":"Tower","score":0.5441514253616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.49540436267852783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.46327731013298035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colored","display_name":"Colored","score":0.4307098984718323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.4279954731464386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.27062082290649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.056778550148010254}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.884924054145813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44115641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918099","display_name":"Ramsey's theorem","level":3,"score":0.8404594659805298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.8304053544998169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200288055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2621792","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","level":2,"score":0.7159969806671143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6180499196052551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777831296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12518","display_name":"Tower","level":2,"score":0.5441514253616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.49540436267852783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.46327731013298035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778307483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5149038","display_name":"Colored","level":2,"score":0.4307098984718323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.4279954731464386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.27062082290649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.056778550148010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0012-365x(93)e0139-u","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-365x(93)e0139-u","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18902827","display_name":"Discrete Mathematics","issn_l":"0012-365X","issn":["0012-365X","1872-681X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discrete Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W170265681","https://openalex.org/W1997657048","https://openalex.org/W2001471311","https://openalex.org/W2014235620","https://openalex.org/W2039234019","https://openalex.org/W2044949519","https://openalex.org/W2138054029","https://openalex.org/W2318194046","https://openalex.org/W6650851236"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140509105","https://openalex.org/W3146178872","https://openalex.org/W4235907447","https://openalex.org/W4205128724","https://openalex.org/W2040849466","https://openalex.org/W346008744","https://openalex.org/W2072835713","https://openalex.org/W4284887816","https://openalex.org/W891964471","https://openalex.org/W2484916042"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}