{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2077478133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-365x(89)90078-2","title":"First cycles in random directed graph processes","display_name":"First cycles in random directed graph processes","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2077478133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-365x(89)90078-2","mag":"2077478133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0012-365x(89)90078-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-365x(89)90078-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18902827","display_name":"Discrete Mathematics","issn_l":"0012-365X","issn":["0012-365X","1872-681X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discrete Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109915650","display_name":"B\u00e9la Bollob\u00e1s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-7213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134386540","display_name":"Louisiana State University Agricultural Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8rza40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134386540"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153325","display_name":"Institute of Mathematical Statistics","ror":"https://ror.org/043f04882","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153325"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B\u00e9la Bollob\u00e1s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, LSU, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, U.S.A","Department of Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics University of Cambridge, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, LSU, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613","https://openalex.org/I134386540"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics University of Cambridge, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I4210153325"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088930078","display_name":"Steen Rasmussen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3336-843X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steen Rasmussen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics Laboratory III, The Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics Laboratory III, The Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3320,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3320},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6038,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74353472,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"1-3","first_page":"55","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11445","display_name":"Origins and Evolution of Life","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11445","display_name":"Origins and Evolution of Life","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10621","display_name":"Gene Regulatory Network Analysis","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10044","display_name":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survival-of-the-fittest","display_name":"Survival of the fittest","score":0.7046573758125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-selection","display_name":"Natural selection","score":0.6294294595718384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/darwinism","display_name":"Darwinism","score":0.6264605522155762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situated","display_name":"Situated","score":0.6219102740287781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inheritance","display_name":"Inheritance (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5986279845237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autopoiesis","display_name":"Autopoiesis","score":0.5791751742362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.553315281867981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4936729371547699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.4507767856121063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.449641615152359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4496331214904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.44746240973472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.42595475912094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.39528578519821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3388296365737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.2983192801475525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2901872396469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.28738468885421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.280189573764801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","score":0.271060049533844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.2673448622226715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.11785173416137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.11655783653259277}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22614528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721322","display_name":"Survival of the fittest","level":2,"score":0.7046573758125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75268714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43478","display_name":"Natural selection","level":3,"score":0.6294294595718384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196919123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183493","display_name":"Darwinism","level":2,"score":0.6264605522155762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132829578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581151","display_name":"Situated","level":2,"score":0.6219102740287781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780902518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6033780","display_name":"Inheritance (genetic algorithm)","level":3,"score":0.5986279845237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34048319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599967","display_name":"Autopoiesis","level":2,"score":0.5791751742362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.553315281867981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4936729371547699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.4507767856121063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.449641615152359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4496331214904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.44746240973472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.42595475912094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.39528578519821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3388296365737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2983192801475525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2901872396469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.28738468885421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.280189573764801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.271060049533844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2673448622226715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.11785173416137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.11655783653259277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0012-365x(89)90078-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-365x(89)90078-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18902827","display_name":"Discrete Mathematics","issn_l":"0012-365X","issn":["0012-365X","1872-681X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discrete Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584724822","https://openalex.org/W1973108021","https://openalex.org/W2040525210","https://openalex.org/W2043151125","https://openalex.org/W2086188621","https://openalex.org/W2087895317","https://openalex.org/W2101125210","https://openalex.org/W2577908321","https://openalex.org/W2905110430","https://openalex.org/W4312512934","https://openalex.org/W6648494955"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4289128175","https://openalex.org/W2904951824","https://openalex.org/W3133527452","https://openalex.org/W2884057146","https://openalex.org/W4309115906","https://openalex.org/W4253173470","https://openalex.org/W1980026507","https://openalex.org/W4229824733","https://openalex.org/W4294373694","https://openalex.org/W3027495012"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
