{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2037013225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(94)00130-b","title":"Tuning of PID controllers based on gain and phase margin specifications","display_name":"Tuning of PID controllers based on gain and phase margin specifications","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2037013225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(94)00130-b","mag":"2037013225"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0005-1098(94)00130-b","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(94)00130-b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S51360982","display_name":"Automatica","issn_l":"0005-1098","issn":["0005-1098","1873-2836"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Automatica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046913722","display_name":"Weng Khuen Ho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5733-3007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weng Khuen Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 0511 Singapore","Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10, Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 0511, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 0511 Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10, Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 0511, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059834388","display_name":"Chang Chieh Hang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Chieh Hang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 0511 Singapore","Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10, Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 0511, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 0511 Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10, Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 0511, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036455201","display_name":"L.S. Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisheng S. Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 0511 Singapore","Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10, Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 0511, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 0511 Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10, Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 0511, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046913722"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.467,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":578,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99339239,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"3","first_page":"497","last_page":"502"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11081","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11081","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14083","display_name":"Extremum Seeking Control Systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pid-controller","display_name":"PID controller","score":0.8906846642494202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-margin","display_name":"Phase margin","score":0.8736050128936768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.8390363454818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.6131849884986877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.6122533082962036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5947305560112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5185273885726929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-model","display_name":"Internal model","score":0.4503176212310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.4191681742668152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4079549312591553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3922572731971741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.24980506300926208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10389572381973267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-control","display_name":"Temperature control","score":0.0842447578907013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.08340835571289062}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47116090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716829","display_name":"PID controller","level":3,"score":0.8906846642494202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81455027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180955","display_name":"Phase margin","level":5,"score":0.8736050128936768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.8390363454818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.6131849884986877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.6122533082962036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5947305560112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5185273885726929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28427503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13580300","display_name":"Internal model","level":3,"score":0.4503176212310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4191681742668152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4079549312591553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3922572731971741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.24980506300926208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10389572381973267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.0842447578907013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.08340835571289062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145366948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178947","display_name":"Operational amplifier","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0005-1098(94)00130-b","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(94)00130-b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S51360982","display_name":"Automatica","issn_l":"0005-1098","issn":["0005-1098","1873-2836"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Automatica","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/62900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/62900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/81313","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/81313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W588796330","https://openalex.org/W646286238","https://openalex.org/W1513500559","https://openalex.org/W1532361062","https://openalex.org/W1544439962","https://openalex.org/W1561407645","https://openalex.org/W1604822211","https://openalex.org/W2075577126","https://openalex.org/W2076420009","https://openalex.org/W2089292080","https://openalex.org/W2091361010","https://openalex.org/W2106677558","https://openalex.org/W2142402591","https://openalex.org/W2166863863","https://openalex.org/W2949409285","https://openalex.org/W2980070341","https://openalex.org/W3215300528","https://openalex.org/W6666877243","https://openalex.org/W6672953844"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3030656050","https://openalex.org/W2594446181","https://openalex.org/W2131181168","https://openalex.org/W2138233441","https://openalex.org/W2994012408","https://openalex.org/W3096813701","https://openalex.org/W3094523780","https://openalex.org/W2039709469","https://openalex.org/W4244904831","https://openalex.org/W3166866416"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":39}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}