{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2053037483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(93)90136-h","title":"Utility of imaging sensors in tracking systems","display_name":"Utility of imaging sensors in tracking systems","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2053037483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(93)90136-h","mag":"2053037483"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0005-1098(93)90136-h","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(93)90136-h","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S51360982","display_name":"Automatica","issn_l":"0005-1098","issn":["0005-1098","1873-2836"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Automatica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111372430","display_name":"David D. Sworder","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.D. Sworder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of ECE, Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jol\u0300la, CA 92093-0407, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of ECE, Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jol\u0300la, CA 92093-0407, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086778413","display_name":"R.G. Hutchins","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165686","display_name":"Lockheed Martin Orincon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038eqqh78","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165686"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.G. Hutchins","raw_affiliation_strings":["ORINCON Corp, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORINCON Corp, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165686"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070566667","display_name":"M. Kent","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8354-4849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Kent","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of ECE, Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jol\u0300la, CA 92093-0407, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of ECE, Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jol\u0300la, CA 92093-0407, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.317,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88963071,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"2","first_page":"445","last_page":"449"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12814","display_name":"Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.6614435911178589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.584252655506134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agile-software-development","display_name":"Agile software development","score":0.5744802951812744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.5557934045791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5172148942947388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-system","display_name":"Tracking system","score":0.5154996514320374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5129799246788025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47635531425476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warrant","display_name":"Warrant","score":0.42288652062416077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3632177710533142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3579062819480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.3561391234397888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27374157309532166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.15259209275245667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.09718635678291321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0628892183303833}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.6614435911178589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.584252655506134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14185376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30232","display_name":"Agile software development","level":2,"score":0.5744802951812744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.5557934045791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5172148942947388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.5154996514320374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5129799246788025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47635531425476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776916960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637156","display_name":"Warrant","level":2,"score":0.42288652062416077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3632177710533142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3579062819480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3561391234397888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27374157309532166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.15259209275245667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.09718635678291321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0628892183303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0005-1098(93)90136-h","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(93)90136-h","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S51360982","display_name":"Automatica","issn_l":"0005-1098","issn":["0005-1098","1873-2836"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Automatica","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969416390","https://openalex.org/W1994762705","https://openalex.org/W2002460157","https://openalex.org/W2013782525","https://openalex.org/W2042858390","https://openalex.org/W2056368372","https://openalex.org/W2083242035","https://openalex.org/W2090502217","https://openalex.org/W2117657931","https://openalex.org/W2167926355","https://openalex.org/W6651260611"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2394134009","https://openalex.org/W1971984615","https://openalex.org/W2806679586","https://openalex.org/W2046099857","https://openalex.org/W4315836311","https://openalex.org/W2393252924","https://openalex.org/W2787600244","https://openalex.org/W2186532442","https://openalex.org/W2354867839","https://openalex.org/W2095056275"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}