{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106677558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(92)90002-w","title":"Towards intelligent PID control","display_name":"Towards intelligent PID control","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106677558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(92)90002-w","mag":"2106677558"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0005-1098(92)90002-w","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(92)90002-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S51360982","display_name":"Automatica","issn_l":"0005-1098","issn":["0005-1098","1873-2836"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Automatica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/8496856","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103649964","display_name":"Karl Johan \u00c5str\u00f6m","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K.J. \u00c5str\u00f6m","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automatic Control, Lund Institute of Technology, Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automatic Control, Lund Institute of Technology, Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010664431","display_name":"C.C. Hang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4968-3327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.C. Hang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 0511 Singapore","Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10, Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 0511, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 0511 Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10, Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 0511, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103026533","display_name":"Patrik Persson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6221-4475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Persson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automatic Control, Lund Institute of Technology, Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automatic Control, Lund Institute of Technology, Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046913722","display_name":"Weng Khuen Ho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5733-3007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W.K. Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 0511 Singapore","Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10, Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 0511, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 0511 Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10, Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 0511, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103649964"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":37.2411,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":397,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99876807,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11081","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11081","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pid-controller","display_name":"PID controller","score":0.9094939231872559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.7810238599777222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.7422909736633301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6107604503631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-control","display_name":"Process control","score":0.48766028881073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4745771884918213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4611281752586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.44754141569137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.44079434871673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.435200035572052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-control","display_name":"Temperature control","score":0.17301809787750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16539448499679565}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47116090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716829","display_name":"PID controller","level":3,"score":0.9094939231872559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.7810238599777222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.7422909736633301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6107604503631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155386361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1649571","display_name":"Process control","level":3,"score":0.48766028881073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4745771884918213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4611281752586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.44754141569137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.44079434871673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.435200035572052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.17301809787750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16539448499679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0005-1098(92)90002-w","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(92)90002-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S51360982","display_name":"Automatica","issn_l":"0005-1098","issn":["0005-1098","1873-2836"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Automatica","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/62886","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/62886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/62887","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/62887","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:777df247-0921-48cf-a90d-09e84bdbb2c5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/8496856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 0005-1098","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:d4b7969b-9e83-42e4-9a17-f6b8c0f571b2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/8517649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:e85941c7-3467-4233-8fa9-5cc9b2e8054b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/8602132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 0280-5316","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:777df247-0921-48cf-a90d-09e84bdbb2c5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/8496856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 0005-1098","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W66891796","https://openalex.org/W646286238","https://openalex.org/W1966860325","https://openalex.org/W2082208983","https://openalex.org/W2107377771","https://openalex.org/W2107397075","https://openalex.org/W2142402591","https://openalex.org/W2151421945","https://openalex.org/W2163320379","https://openalex.org/W2345615521","https://openalex.org/W2348921341","https://openalex.org/W2365016671","https://openalex.org/W2544676183","https://openalex.org/W2980070341","https://openalex.org/W3215300528","https://openalex.org/W4292170058","https://openalex.org/W6666877243","https://openalex.org/W6682725220","https://openalex.org/W6705186176","https://openalex.org/W6729829668","https://openalex.org/W6842141901"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4320922540","https://openalex.org/W1787078821","https://openalex.org/W4384916966","https://openalex.org/W82747921","https://openalex.org/W1989195983","https://openalex.org/W1494581972","https://openalex.org/W1583368248","https://openalex.org/W1482561480","https://openalex.org/W3212266838","https://openalex.org/W2638730922"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":20}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}