{"id":"https://openalex.org/W121697510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(91)90100-g","title":"Random signals and systems","display_name":"Random signals and systems","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W121697510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(91)90100-g","mag":"121697510"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0005-1098(91)90100-g","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(91)90100-g","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S51360982","display_name":"Automatica","issn_l":"0005-1098","issn":["0005-1098","1873-2836"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Automatica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057588184","display_name":"J.F. Barrett","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I868834043","display_name":"University of the West of Scotland","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3d2v20","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I868834043"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J.F. Barrett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Paisley College of Technology, Paisley, Renfrewshire PA1 2BE, Scotland, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Paisley College of Technology, Paisley, Renfrewshire PA1 2BE, Scotland, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I868834043"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057588184"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I868834043"],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01033781,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"2","first_page":"431","last_page":"434"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11361","display_name":"Digital Radiography and Breast Imaging","score":0.958899974822998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11949","display_name":"Nuclear Physics and Applications","score":0.9521999955177307,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tikhonov-regularization","display_name":"Tikhonov regularization","score":0.8118909597396851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compton-scattering","display_name":"Compton scattering","score":0.7522953748703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.6623749732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wedge","display_name":"Wedge (geometry)","score":0.6158843040466309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-physics","display_name":"Computational physics","score":0.5987045168876648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.5932466387748718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5769556760787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon","display_name":"Photon","score":0.5048280358314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","score":0.4930972754955292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.47592976689338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-line","display_name":"Spectral line","score":0.4723188579082489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14491909742355347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.13351261615753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-problem","display_name":"Inverse problem","score":0.10720229148864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.07461455464363098}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152442038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2778212","display_name":"Tikhonov regularization","level":3,"score":0.8118909597396851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61203554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171516","display_name":"Compton scattering","level":3,"score":0.7522953748703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6623749732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47422493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2755127","display_name":"Wedge (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.6158843040466309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.5987045168876648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.5932466387748718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5769556760787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.5048280358314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156778621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365748","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4930972754955292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.47592976689338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.4723188579082489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14491909742355347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.13351261615753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135252773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1567213","display_name":"Inverse problem","level":2,"score":0.10720229148864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.07461455464363098}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0005-1098(91)90100-g","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(91)90100-g","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S51360982","display_name":"Automatica","issn_l":"0005-1098","issn":["0005-1098","1873-2836"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Automatica","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053565514","https://openalex.org/W2067111814","https://openalex.org/W2084819809","https://openalex.org/W2973818247","https://openalex.org/W4240906956","https://openalex.org/W6663901600","https://openalex.org/W6682747227"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3131586246","https://openalex.org/W4232854940","https://openalex.org/W2028208404","https://openalex.org/W2004501529","https://openalex.org/W4298516010","https://openalex.org/W4310509327","https://openalex.org/W4360847222","https://openalex.org/W2054640110","https://openalex.org/W2071231505","https://openalex.org/W1868605968"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}