{"id":"https://openalex.org/W192739563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(89)90039-3","title":"Discrete-time control systems","display_name":"Discrete-time control systems","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W192739563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(89)90039-3","mag":"192739563"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0005-1098(89)90039-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(89)90039-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S51360982","display_name":"Automatica","issn_l":"0005-1098","issn":["0005-1098","1873-2836"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Automatica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103183781","display_name":"A. Halme","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2835-0796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Halme","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Automation Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Helsinki University of Technology, Otakaari 5A, SF-02150 Esboo, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Automation Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Helsinki University of Technology, Otakaari 5A, SF-02150 Esboo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103183781"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4952,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60198084,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"5","first_page":"788","last_page":"789"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9495999813079834,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9495999813079834,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-coupled-amplifier","display_name":"Direct-coupled amplifier","score":0.8403761982917786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-amplifier","display_name":"Linear amplifier","score":0.7710402011871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rf-power-amplifier","display_name":"RF power amplifier","score":0.7659542560577393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.6453709602355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fully-differential-amplifier","display_name":"Fully differential amplifier","score":0.6391400098800659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-added-efficiency","display_name":"Power-added efficiency","score":0.626082181930542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-transconductance-amplifier","display_name":"Operational transconductance amplifier","score":0.5670644640922546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascade-amplifier","display_name":"Cascade amplifier","score":0.550391674041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-bandwidth","display_name":"Power bandwidth","score":0.5332507491111755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fet-amplifier","display_name":"FET amplifier","score":0.5218226313591003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5112507343292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-amplifier","display_name":"Operational amplifier","score":0.46348315477371216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balun","display_name":"Balun","score":0.4626624882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrumentation-amplifier","display_name":"Instrumentation amplifier","score":0.4624303877353668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.40234947204589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3872464895248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3564595878124237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.15328606963157654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.05503228306770325}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172218469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4477697","display_name":"Direct-coupled amplifier","level":5,"score":0.8403761982917786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71041172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6553412","display_name":"Linear amplifier","level":5,"score":0.7710402011871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196054291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7276624","display_name":"RF power amplifier","level":4,"score":0.7659542560577393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.6453709602355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189184530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5508342","display_name":"Fully differential amplifier","level":5,"score":0.6391400098800659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129231560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236462","display_name":"Power-added efficiency","level":5,"score":0.626082181930542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58117264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1239595","display_name":"Operational transconductance amplifier","level":5,"score":0.5670644640922546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49922035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6935100","display_name":"Cascade amplifier","level":5,"score":0.550391674041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191907038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236476","display_name":"Power bandwidth","level":5,"score":0.5332507491111755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199501884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5425387","display_name":"FET amplifier","level":5,"score":0.5218226313591003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5112507343292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145366948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178947","display_name":"Operational amplifier","level":4,"score":0.46348315477371216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114489654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q805838","display_name":"Balun","level":3,"score":0.4626624882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89123640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1523756","display_name":"Instrumentation amplifier","level":5,"score":0.4624303877353668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.40234947204589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3872464895248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3564595878124237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.15328606963157654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.05503228306770325}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0005-1098(89)90039-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(89)90039-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S51360982","display_name":"Automatica","issn_l":"0005-1098","issn":["0005-1098","1873-2836"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Automatica","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028573862","https://openalex.org/W2076420009"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3106125200","https://openalex.org/W2383185833","https://openalex.org/W2259432010","https://openalex.org/W2391752754","https://openalex.org/W2009589524","https://openalex.org/W2347514028","https://openalex.org/W2096026133","https://openalex.org/W2501353045","https://openalex.org/W2921550143","https://openalex.org/W1662540602"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}