{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2029075527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(76)90001-7","title":"Comparison and application of DDC algorithms for a heat exchanger","display_name":"Comparison and application of DDC algorithms for a heat exchanger","publication_year":1976,"publication_date":"1976-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2029075527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(76)90001-7","mag":"2029075527"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0005-1098(76)90001-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(76)90001-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S51360982","display_name":"Automatica","issn_l":"0005-1098","issn":["0005-1098","1873-2836"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Automatica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108634636","display_name":"H. Unbehauen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"H. Unbehauen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lehrstuhl fu\u00a8r Elektrische Steuerung und Regelung, Ruhr-Universita\u00a8t Bochum, D-4630 Bochum,, Universita\u00a8tsstr. 150, IC 3,W. Germany","Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Elektrische Steuerung und Regelung, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, D-4630 Bochum,, Universit\u00e4tsstr. 150, IC 3,W. Germany#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lehrstuhl fu\u00a8r Elektrische Steuerung und Regelung, Ruhr-Universita\u00a8t Bochum, D-4630 Bochum,, Universita\u00a8tsstr. 150, IC 3,W. Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Elektrische Steuerung und Regelung, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, D-4630 Bochum,, Universit\u00e4tsstr. 150, IC 3,W. Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044686342","display_name":"Chr. Schmid","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chr. Schmid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lehrstuhl fu\u00a8r Elektrische Steuerung und Regelung, Ruhr-Universita\u00a8t Bochum, D-4630 Bochum,, Universita\u00a8tsstr. 150, IC 3,W. Germany","Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Elektrische Steuerung und Regelung, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, D-4630 Bochum,, Universit\u00e4tsstr. 150, IC 3,W. Germany#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lehrstuhl fu\u00a8r Elektrische Steuerung und Regelung, Ruhr-Universita\u00a8t Bochum, D-4630 Bochum,, Universita\u00a8tsstr. 150, IC 3,W. Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Elektrische Steuerung und Regelung, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, D-4630 Bochum,, Universit\u00e4tsstr. 150, IC 3,W. Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097256437","display_name":"F. Bo \u0308ttiger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Bo\u00a8ttiger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lehrstuhl fu\u00a8r Elektrische Steuerung und Regelung, Ruhr-Universita\u00a8t Bochum, D-4630 Bochum,, Universita\u00a8tsstr. 150, IC 3,W. Germany","Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Elektrische Steuerung und Regelung, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, D-4630 Bochum,, Universit\u00e4tsstr. 150, IC 3,W. Germany#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lehrstuhl fu\u00a8r Elektrische Steuerung und Regelung, Ruhr-Universita\u00a8t Bochum, D-4630 Bochum,, Universita\u00a8tsstr. 150, IC 3,W. Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Elektrische Steuerung und Regelung, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, D-4630 Bochum,, Universit\u00e4tsstr. 150, IC 3,W. Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108634636"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3621,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93475958,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"5","first_page":"393","last_page":"402"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11081","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Design","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pid-controller","display_name":"PID controller","score":0.790658712387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7670513987541199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascade","display_name":"Cascade","score":0.7362174987792969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set-point","display_name":"Set point","score":0.5536664724349976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensation","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","score":0.5283575654029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.5278047323226929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5122494101524353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer","display_name":"Observer (physics)","score":0.5075086951255798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.49355828762054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4833781123161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43479055166244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4274224042892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-control","display_name":"Temperature control","score":0.39265337586402893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.318899929523468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.2451755702495575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09109464287757874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47116090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716829","display_name":"PID controller","level":3,"score":0.790658712387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7670513987541199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.7362174987792969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993627981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7456295","display_name":"Set point","level":2,"score":0.5536664724349976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5283575654029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.5278047323226929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5122494101524353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5075086951255798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.49355828762054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4833781123161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43479055166244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4274224042892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.39265337586402893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.318899929523468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2451755702495575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09109464287757874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0005-1098(76)90001-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(76)90001-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S51360982","display_name":"Automatica","issn_l":"0005-1098","issn":["0005-1098","1873-2836"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Automatica","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511514067","https://openalex.org/W2097089521","https://openalex.org/W2136615598","https://openalex.org/W2150636832","https://openalex.org/W2733150075","https://openalex.org/W4211264795","https://openalex.org/W6741227663"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4223416174","https://openalex.org/W2115220711","https://openalex.org/W2361172335","https://openalex.org/W2776108294","https://openalex.org/W2110030150","https://openalex.org/W2122192178","https://openalex.org/W2384549355","https://openalex.org/W3188498978","https://openalex.org/W1969113741","https://openalex.org/W2073346124"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
