{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2026647074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(69)90093-4","title":"Conjugate gradient optimization applied to a copper converter model","display_name":"Conjugate gradient optimization applied to a copper converter model","publication_year":1969,"publication_date":"1969-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2026647074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(69)90093-4","mag":"2026647074"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0005-1098(69)90093-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(69)90093-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S51360982","display_name":"Automatica","issn_l":"0005-1098","issn":["0005-1098","1873-2836"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Automatica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020701844","display_name":"L. K. Nenonen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197604219","display_name":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02eq2w707","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197604219"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159778","display_name":"National Research Council Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04mte1k06","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"L.K. Nenonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Control Systems Laboratory, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada","Control Systems Laboratory, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Control Systems Laboratory, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Control Systems Laboratory, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197604219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111454860","display_name":"B. Pagurek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Pagurek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","Carleton University / Ottawa / Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University / Ottawa / Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020701844"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197604219","https://openalex.org/I4210159778"],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3562,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86792453,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"6","first_page":"801","last_page":"810"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9783999919891357,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9783999919891357,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11115","display_name":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","score":0.963699996471405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10963","display_name":"Advanced Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.960099995136261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2612","display_name":"Numerical Analysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjugate-gradient-method","display_name":"Conjugate gradient method","score":0.6688065528869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjugate","display_name":"Conjugate","score":0.4782934784889221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4089759588241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3779979944229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.34983551502227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.34674519300460815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.3269323408603668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.24164822697639465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.1617109179496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81184566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191895","display_name":"Conjugate gradient method","level":2,"score":0.6688065528869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197336794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5161150","display_name":"Conjugate","level":2,"score":0.4782934784889221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4089759588241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3779979944229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.34983551502227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.34674519300460815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3269323408603668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.24164822697639465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.1617109179496765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0005-1098(69)90093-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(69)90093-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S51360982","display_name":"Automatica","issn_l":"0005-1098","issn":["0005-1098","1873-2836"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Automatica","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334601","display_name":"National Research Council Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04mte1k06"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996647346","https://openalex.org/W2015225678","https://openalex.org/W2042569149","https://openalex.org/W2046161699","https://openalex.org/W2050592232","https://openalex.org/W2118893623","https://openalex.org/W2579235611","https://openalex.org/W2579291203","https://openalex.org/W2775475675","https://openalex.org/W6661162840","https://openalex.org/W6732095513","https://openalex.org/W6732289116","https://openalex.org/W6746657311"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2143004018","https://openalex.org/W2330362314","https://openalex.org/W2435669318","https://openalex.org/W4404385369","https://openalex.org/W1995639836","https://openalex.org/W2103568534","https://openalex.org/W2057862416","https://openalex.org/W2754988198","https://openalex.org/W1543576583","https://openalex.org/W1503783781"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
