{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2094633765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(94)90061-2","title":"Motivated action theory: a formal theory of causal reasoning","display_name":"Motivated action theory: a formal theory of causal reasoning","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2094633765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(94)90061-2","mag":"2094633765"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0004-3702(94)90061-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(94)90061-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/1721.1/6587/2/AIM-1338.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079546704","display_name":"Lynn Andrea Stein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4963-1574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lynn Andrea Stein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Room 811, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 545 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA","[Massachusetts Inst. of Technol., Cambridge]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Room 811, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 545 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Massachusetts Inst. of Technol., Cambridge]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007148856","display_name":"Leora Morgenstern","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leora Morgenstern","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, USA","IBM -- T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM -- T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079546704"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":{"value":3670,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3670},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6484,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96009538,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causation","display_name":"Causation","score":0.8276095986366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-reasoning","display_name":"Causal reasoning","score":0.6124740242958069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.6068488955497742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-theory-of-reference","display_name":"Causal theory of reference","score":0.5812074542045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causality","display_name":"Causality (physics)","score":0.45801156759262085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference","display_name":"Preference","score":0.4544631838798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-decision-theory","display_name":"Causal decision theory","score":0.44881102442741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action-theory","display_name":"Action theory (sociology)","score":0.43883147835731506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4271078109741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-structure","display_name":"Causal structure","score":0.42650797963142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.40451136231422424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39735662937164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.3288343548774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3131479024887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.25692611932754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.16431927680969238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evidential-reasoning-approach","display_name":"Evidential reasoning approach","score":0.11232519149780273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166151441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4923601","display_name":"Causation","level":2,"score":0.8276095986366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115086926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17004651","display_name":"Causal reasoning","level":3,"score":0.6124740242958069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6068488955497742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116860108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054575","display_name":"Causal theory of reference","level":2,"score":0.5812074542045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45801156759262085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.4544631838798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83136003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054565","display_name":"Causal decision theory","level":5,"score":0.44881102442741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206987240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1520882","display_name":"Action theory (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.43883147835731506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4271078109741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163504300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2364925","display_name":"Causal structure","level":2,"score":0.42650797963142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.40451136231422424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39735662937164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3288343548774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3131479024887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.25692611932754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.16431927680969238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156201811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5418360","display_name":"Evidential reasoning approach","level":4,"score":0.11232519149780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97944126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5001864","display_name":"Business decision mapping","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0004-3702(94)90061-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(94)90061-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/6587","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/6587","pdf_url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/1721.1/6587/2/AIM-1338.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/6587","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/6587","pdf_url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/1721.1/6587/2/AIM-1338.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2094633765.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54340630","https://openalex.org/W68877015","https://openalex.org/W88334346","https://openalex.org/W122836976","https://openalex.org/W192783671","https://openalex.org/W193749870","https://openalex.org/W1497201281","https://openalex.org/W1504112842","https://openalex.org/W1534564803","https://openalex.org/W1537435730","https://openalex.org/W1551179673","https://openalex.org/W1666367065","https://openalex.org/W1864286575","https://openalex.org/W1996347293","https://openalex.org/W1998363560","https://openalex.org/W2005678616","https://openalex.org/W2016443760","https://openalex.org/W2036900631","https://openalex.org/W2085702524","https://openalex.org/W2104254677","https://openalex.org/W2104351678","https://openalex.org/W2120465900","https://openalex.org/W2122540544","https://openalex.org/W2132950849","https://openalex.org/W2138162238","https://openalex.org/W2150191218","https://openalex.org/W2155322595","https://openalex.org/W2347003986","https://openalex.org/W2913166189","https://openalex.org/W2945259913","https://openalex.org/W3032363870","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6602224225","https://openalex.org/W6602754896","https://openalex.org/W6603558888","https://openalex.org/W6604927403","https://openalex.org/W6607804528","https://openalex.org/W6607837794","https://openalex.org/W6632069875","https://openalex.org/W6632101533","https://openalex.org/W6632900724","https://openalex.org/W6635752138","https://openalex.org/W6637456178","https://openalex.org/W6671837902","https://openalex.org/W6673841740","https://openalex.org/W6675883913","https://openalex.org/W6677871789","https://openalex.org/W6679426380","https://openalex.org/W6680341452","https://openalex.org/W6704914200"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1600059215","https://openalex.org/W2740541622","https://openalex.org/W1767411471","https://openalex.org/W2997391570","https://openalex.org/W1967742185","https://openalex.org/W1998709220","https://openalex.org/W2102630578","https://openalex.org/W1970695652","https://openalex.org/W2094633765","https://openalex.org/W4293060832"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}