{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2035276609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(93)90023-5","title":"Interlingual machine translation A parameterized approach","display_name":"Interlingual machine translation A parameterized approach","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2035276609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(93)90023-5","mag":"2035276609"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0004-3702(93)90023-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(93)90023-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054060679","display_name":"Bonnie J. Dorr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4356-5813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I267592682","display_name":"Williams (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/007zhvp17","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I267592682"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bonnie J. Dorr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, A.V. Williams Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA","University of Maryland, College Park"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, A.V. Williams Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132","https://openalex.org/I267592682"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054060679"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I267592682","https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":{"value":3670,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3670},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8219,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95806478,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"1-2","first_page":"429","last_page":"492"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9387999773025513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10820","display_name":"Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems","score":0.9085000157356262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.8234499096870422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8230237364768982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.7917079925537109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.7182592749595642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6583302021026611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6349828243255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parameterized-complexity","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","score":0.6301565170288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german","display_name":"German","score":0.6125869750976562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/example-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","score":0.5274285078048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.4738507568836212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation-software-usability","display_name":"Machine translation software usability","score":0.45330652594566345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.4309956431388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.4157170057296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.293127179145813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.09832876920700073}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.8234499096870422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8230237364768982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.7917079925537109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7182592749595642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6583302021026611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6349828243255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165464430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570441","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","level":2,"score":0.6301565170288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.6125869750976562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24687705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3753284","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","level":3,"score":0.5274285078048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.4738507568836212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148526163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6723733","display_name":"Machine translation software usability","level":4,"score":0.45330652594566345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.4309956431388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.4157170057296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.293127179145813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.09832876920700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0004-3702(93)90023-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(93)90023-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1942194861","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-92-J-1929","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3024461048","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IRI-9120788","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3977078375","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DAAL03-91-C-0034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46670395","https://openalex.org/W141349075","https://openalex.org/W148626071","https://openalex.org/W199103457","https://openalex.org/W207447119","https://openalex.org/W636592654","https://openalex.org/W637272973","https://openalex.org/W1492445845","https://openalex.org/W1493530513","https://openalex.org/W1493953124","https://openalex.org/W1499050190","https://openalex.org/W1511888448","https://openalex.org/W1527672039","https://openalex.org/W1533336124","https://openalex.org/W1539137978","https://openalex.org/W1543726550","https://openalex.org/W1543852490","https://openalex.org/W1572763142","https://openalex.org/W1572948005","https://openalex.org/W1579765771","https://openalex.org/W1595476282","https://openalex.org/W1608645706","https://openalex.org/W1608899751","https://openalex.org/W1759932225","https://openalex.org/W1801951652","https://openalex.org/W1897297575","https://openalex.org/W1965691620","https://openalex.org/W1994504445","https://openalex.org/W2002597220","https://openalex.org/W2039217078","https://openalex.org/W2064406997","https://openalex.org/W2070939632","https://openalex.org/W2084464198","https://openalex.org/W2134199742","https://openalex.org/W2135836755","https://openalex.org/W2136875519","https://openalex.org/W2142565826","https://openalex.org/W2145381501","https://openalex.org/W2162928464","https://openalex.org/W2165688682","https://openalex.org/W2561277497","https://openalex.org/W2588047014","https://openalex.org/W2592046613","https://openalex.org/W2735311128","https://openalex.org/W2914289506","https://openalex.org/W2975162459","https://openalex.org/W3021292343","https://openalex.org/W3029670436","https://openalex.org/W3213525133","https://openalex.org/W4253328653","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6600648037","https://openalex.org/W6601865108","https://openalex.org/W6604052968","https://openalex.org/W6605786355","https://openalex.org/W6608106067","https://openalex.org/W6608493859","https://openalex.org/W6620694620","https://openalex.org/W6629298875","https://openalex.org/W6629380797","https://openalex.org/W6629665881","https://openalex.org/W6629913051","https://openalex.org/W6631533410","https://openalex.org/W6631927271","https://openalex.org/W6632098324","https://openalex.org/W6634232656","https://openalex.org/W6634489030","https://openalex.org/W6634639385","https://openalex.org/W6635666189","https://openalex.org/W6636132854","https://openalex.org/W6636329695","https://openalex.org/W6636340256","https://openalex.org/W6637832121","https://openalex.org/W6638431496","https://openalex.org/W6639536720","https://openalex.org/W6641778082","https://openalex.org/W6679797431","https://openalex.org/W6680534316","https://openalex.org/W6680562864","https://openalex.org/W6683575308","https://openalex.org/W6684074813","https://openalex.org/W6733554997","https://openalex.org/W6734703847","https://openalex.org/W6803612336","https://openalex.org/W6804148663","https://openalex.org/W6872814699"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2566847733","https://openalex.org/W2122287718","https://openalex.org/W3204448004","https://openalex.org/W2587602790","https://openalex.org/W2740094425","https://openalex.org/W193726211","https://openalex.org/W2010336863","https://openalex.org/W3036784334","https://openalex.org/W2251549520","https://openalex.org/W1965582084"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}