{"id":"https://openalex.org/W28804644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(93)90022-4","title":"Plan-based integration of natural language and graphics generation","display_name":"Plan-based integration of natural language and graphics generation","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W28804644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(93)90022-4","mag":"28804644"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0004-3702(93)90022-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(93)90022-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039754369","display_name":"Wolfgang Wahlster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8785-5567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Wahlster","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-66123 Saarbr\u00fccken 11, Germany","German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-66123 Saarbr\u00fccken 11, Germany#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-66123 Saarbr\u00fccken 11, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-66123 Saarbr\u00fccken 11, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056684559","display_name":"Elisabeth Andr\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2367-162X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisabeth Andr\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-66123 Saarbr\u00fccken 11, Germany","German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-66123 Saarbr\u00fccken 11, Germany#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-66123 Saarbr\u00fccken 11, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-66123 Saarbr\u00fccken 11, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084402946","display_name":"Wolfgang Finkler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Finkler","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-66123 Saarbr\u00fccken 11, Germany","German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-66123 Saarbr\u00fccken 11, Germany#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-66123 Saarbr\u00fccken 11, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-66123 Saarbr\u00fccken 11, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025781973","display_name":"Hans-J\u00fcrgen Profitlich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0929-5768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans-J\u00fcrgen Profitlich","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-66123 Saarbr\u00fccken 11, Germany","German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-66123 Saarbr\u00fccken 11, Germany#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-66123 Saarbr\u00fccken 11, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-66123 Saarbr\u00fccken 11, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057192160","display_name":"Thomas Rist","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Rist","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-66123 Saarbr\u00fccken 11, Germany","German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-66123 Saarbr\u00fccken 11, Germany#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-66123 Saarbr\u00fccken 11, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-66123 Saarbr\u00fccken 11, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039754369"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"],"apc_list":{"value":3670,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3670},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.6223,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":177,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99349485,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"1-2","first_page":"387","last_page":"427"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8397436141967773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.7245232462882996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presentation","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","score":0.687883734703064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-generation","display_name":"Natural language generation","score":0.6752365231513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.63312166929245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5672479867935181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plan","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","score":0.5461219549179077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.5337556004524231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anaphora","display_name":"Anaphora (linguistics)","score":0.5308400392532349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5064891576766968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.49496930837631226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.455961674451828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.42258375883102417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.19388934969902039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.09992337226867676}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8397436141967773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.7245232462882996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.687883734703064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776187449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513879","display_name":"Natural language generation","level":3,"score":0.6752365231513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.63312166929245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5672479867935181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5461219549179077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5337556004524231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781449363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156751","display_name":"Anaphora (linguistics)","level":3,"score":0.5308400392532349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5064891576766968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.49496930837631226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.455961674451828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.42258375883102417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.19388934969902039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.09992337226867676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0004-3702(93)90022-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(93)90022-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uni-augsburg.opus-bayern.de:50888","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/50888/50888.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400930","display_name":"OPUS (Augsburg University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119916105","host_organization_name":"Augsburg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119916105"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":114,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3624686","https://openalex.org/W32282456","https://openalex.org/W65676554","https://openalex.org/W83969268","https://openalex.org/W92409162","https://openalex.org/W104568812","https://openalex.org/W105221701","https://openalex.org/W122253890","https://openalex.org/W128638292","https://openalex.org/W149703297","https://openalex.org/W175016665","https://openalex.org/W190686361","https://openalex.org/W242165445","https://openalex.org/W308426213","https://openalex.org/W1483253459","https://openalex.org/W1484650108","https://openalex.org/W1492452782","https://openalex.org/W1501011609","https://openalex.org/W1502005760","https://openalex.org/W1514275230","https://openalex.org/W1516517152","https://openalex.org/W1521748608","https://openalex.org/W1523350692","https://openalex.org/W1533285128","https://openalex.org/W1539633941","https://openalex.org/W1540822892","https://openalex.org/W1546928450","https://openalex.org/W1553832303","https://openalex.org/W1554986982","https://openalex.org/W1554988258","https://openalex.org/W1555527288","https://openalex.org/W1556471915","https://openalex.org/W1569921600","https://openalex.org/W1574155765","https://openalex.org/W1579334019","https://openalex.org/W1587523240","https://openalex.org/W1594973830","https://openalex.org/W1600948019","https://openalex.org/W1605911328","https://openalex.org/W1882259899","https://openalex.org/W1952803745","https://openalex.org/W1977056469","https://openalex.org/W2002161948","https://openalex.org/W2002531804","https://openalex.org/W2004415003","https://openalex.org/W2012852193","https://openalex.org/W2015812272","https://openalex.org/W2023685874","https://openalex.org/W2029830123","https://openalex.org/W2033823096","https://openalex.org/W2034742893","https://openalex.org/W2042392351","https://openalex.org/W2063958169","https://openalex.org/W2069426699","https://openalex.org/W2076648610","https://openalex.org/W2079706757","https://openalex.org/W2089804055","https://openalex.org/W2094309656","https://openalex.org/W2120691627","https://openalex.org/W2129264276","https://openalex.org/W2131986285","https://openalex.org/W2133859229","https://openalex.org/W2137423887","https://openalex.org/W2171798962","https://openalex.org/W2177591808","https://openalex.org/W2269884772","https://openalex.org/W2589016585","https://openalex.org/W2785478340","https://openalex.org/W2913166189","https://openalex.org/W3148209148","https://openalex.org/W4206752343","https://openalex.org/W4235728695","https://openalex.org/W4252975466","https://openalex.org/W6600143508","https://openalex.org/W6602662261","https://openalex.org/W6603737560","https://openalex.org/W6604277712","https://openalex.org/W6605126048","https://openalex.org/W6606177370","https://openalex.org/W6609283588","https://openalex.org/W6610722538","https://openalex.org/W6628964317","https://openalex.org/W6629398511","https://openalex.org/W6629792690","https://openalex.org/W6629918042","https://openalex.org/W6630845029","https://openalex.org/W6631036974","https://openalex.org/W6631372143","https://openalex.org/W6632030367","https://openalex.org/W6632586411","https://openalex.org/W6633136285","https://openalex.org/W6633237749","https://openalex.org/W6633269821","https://openalex.org/W6634119785","https://openalex.org/W6634798356","https://openalex.org/W6635170196","https://openalex.org/W6635564780","https://openalex.org/W6635687572","https://openalex.org/W6636286393","https://openalex.org/W6639470399","https://openalex.org/W6644295128","https://openalex.org/W6650673339","https://openalex.org/W6654443417","https://openalex.org/W6656379439","https://openalex.org/W6657430319","https://openalex.org/W6659181340","https://openalex.org/W6660978210","https://openalex.org/W6669283656","https://openalex.org/W6670397681","https://openalex.org/W6673004780","https://openalex.org/W6680049603","https://openalex.org/W6680152847","https://openalex.org/W6693894772","https://openalex.org/W6747748410"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W382594479","https://openalex.org/W2152921782","https://openalex.org/W2470045054","https://openalex.org/W2575772232","https://openalex.org/W2140902089","https://openalex.org/W2030298461","https://openalex.org/W3014316498","https://openalex.org/W1510553545","https://openalex.org/W3020827637","https://openalex.org/W199086061"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
