{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2080884762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(90)90067-a","title":"Measuring the performance potential of chess programs","display_name":"Measuring the performance potential of chess programs","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2080884762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(90)90067-a","mag":"2080884762"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0004-3702(90)90067-a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(90)90067-a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109039786","display_name":"Hans Berliner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans J. Berliner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046663411","display_name":"Gordon Goetsch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gordon Goetsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045892503","display_name":"Murray Campbell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8158-894X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murray S. Campbell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032101034","display_name":"Carl Ebeling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-3615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58610484","display_name":"Seattle University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqc0m91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carl Ebeling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA","University of Washington , Seattle"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington , Seattle","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58610484","https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3670,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3670},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.7813,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97904406,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"1","first_page":"7","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9750000238418579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-chess","display_name":"Computer chess","score":0.6218342781066895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5895435214042664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/championship","display_name":"Championship","score":0.5642164349555969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","score":0.4979872703552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4786228537559509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4646890163421631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34364795684814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.32732152938842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"Advertising","score":0.08822828531265259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.06449991464614868}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C550222582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122588","display_name":"Computer chess","level":3,"score":0.6218342781066895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5895435214042664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779501167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079023","display_name":"Championship","level":2,"score":0.5642164349555969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.4979872703552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4786228537559509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4646890163421631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34364795684814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.32732152938842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.08822828531265259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.06449991464614868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0004-3702(90)90067-a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(90)90067-a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71628400","https://openalex.org/W1514046391","https://openalex.org/W1530283031","https://openalex.org/W1597864774","https://openalex.org/W1676161329","https://openalex.org/W1900310956","https://openalex.org/W2022816583","https://openalex.org/W2142225908","https://openalex.org/W2514908707","https://openalex.org/W3098199328","https://openalex.org/W4212777657","https://openalex.org/W4235499018","https://openalex.org/W6602909063","https://openalex.org/W6630772489","https://openalex.org/W6637149831","https://openalex.org/W6639898998","https://openalex.org/W6656173398","https://openalex.org/W6681332655","https://openalex.org/W6813499511"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W577638931","https://openalex.org/W2940697166","https://openalex.org/W2120111339","https://openalex.org/W2792010696","https://openalex.org/W2080260158","https://openalex.org/W2061037180","https://openalex.org/W4238945007","https://openalex.org/W2491451284","https://openalex.org/W3101035714","https://openalex.org/W4230983231"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T06:23:43.705686","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}