{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995434016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(90)90002-h","title":"Preface to the special issue on connectionist symbol processing","display_name":"Preface to the special issue on connectionist symbol processing","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995434016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(90)90002-h","mag":"1995434016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0004-3702(90)90002-h","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(90)90002-h","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"editorial","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108093963","display_name":"Geoffrey E. Hinton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106938459","display_name":"University of New Brunswick","ror":"https://ror.org/05nkf0n29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801862477","display_name":"Canada Research Chairs","ror":"https://ror.org/0517h6h17","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801862477","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey E. Hinton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 10 Kings College Road, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A4"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 10 Kings College Road, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A4","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106938459","https://openalex.org/I185261750","https://openalex.org/I2801862477"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108093963"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106938459","https://openalex.org/I185261750","https://openalex.org/I2801862477"],"apc_list":{"value":3670,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3670},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":81,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"1-2","first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9585999846458435,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9573000073432922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connectionism","display_name":"Connectionism","score":0.9571764469146729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7528911828994751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5966498255729675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criticism","display_name":"Criticism","score":0.5867094993591309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5596696138381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","score":0.5091568827629089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.4812285900115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4691917598247528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.39999496936798096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.39276301860809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.3278422951698303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.10535594820976257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09426090121269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.0807744562625885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8521452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203790","display_name":"Connectionism","level":3,"score":0.9571764469146729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7528911828994751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5966498255729675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7991579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17955","display_name":"Criticism","level":2,"score":0.5867094993591309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5596696138381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.5091568827629089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4812285900115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4691917598247528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.39999496936798096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.39276301860809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3278422951698303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.10535594820976257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09426090121269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0807744562625885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0004-3702(90)90002-h","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(90)90002-h","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65738273","https://openalex.org/W161283806","https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1547224907","https://openalex.org/W1560993517","https://openalex.org/W2007857129","https://openalex.org/W2019363670","https://openalex.org/W2021509491","https://openalex.org/W2118373646","https://openalex.org/W2126977453","https://openalex.org/W2165758113","https://openalex.org/W2171277043","https://openalex.org/W2912225506","https://openalex.org/W3022351671","https://openalex.org/W3207342693","https://openalex.org/W4238893454","https://openalex.org/W4245492438","https://openalex.org/W6632924624","https://openalex.org/W6633512742","https://openalex.org/W6652654479","https://openalex.org/W6679118624","https://openalex.org/W6758710848"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W615678800","https://openalex.org/W122840862","https://openalex.org/W4205841273","https://openalex.org/W1596913645","https://openalex.org/W113454158","https://openalex.org/W583107845","https://openalex.org/W2161202473","https://openalex.org/W4205525690","https://openalex.org/W1497673662","https://openalex.org/W2353026121"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}