{"id":"https://openalex.org/W228810421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(87)90014-2","title":"Universal subgoaling and chunking: The automatic generation and learning of goal hierarchies","display_name":"Universal subgoaling and chunking: The automatic generation and learning of goal hierarchies","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W228810421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(87)90014-2","mag":"228810421"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0004-3702(87)90014-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(87)90014-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037249015","display_name":"Jeff Shrager","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7007-6305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173498003","display_name":"Palo Alto Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0529fxt39","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173498003","https://openalex.org/I4210132870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeff Shrager","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173498003"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037249015"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173498003"],"apc_list":{"value":3670,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3670},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9058,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96846101,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"2","first_page":"269","last_page":"273"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.92330002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.92330002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chunking","display_name":"Chunking (psychology)","score":0.8840082287788391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6577436923980713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5532737970352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.37061306834220886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36111369729042053}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203357204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1089605","display_name":"Chunking (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.8840082287788391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6577436923980713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5532737970352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.37061306834220886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36111369729042053}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0004-3702(87)90014-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(87)90014-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4286629047","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4313488044","https://openalex.org/W3209574120","https://openalex.org/W4312192474"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}