{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1994227541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(87)90003-8","title":"Belief, awareness, and limited reasoning","display_name":"Belief, awareness, and limited reasoning","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1994227541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(87)90003-8","mag":"1994227541"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0004-3702(87)90003-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(87)90003-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027117465","display_name":"Ronald Fagin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-0347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085935","display_name":"IBM Research - Almaden","ror":"https://ror.org/005w8dd04","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210085935","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ronald Fagin","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, U.S.A","IBM Almaden Research Center San Jose , CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Almaden Research Center San Jose , CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085935"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087025582","display_name":"Joseph Y. Halpern","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9229-1663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085935","display_name":"IBM Research - Almaden","ror":"https://ror.org/005w8dd04","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210085935","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Y. Halpern","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, U.S.A","IBM Almaden Research Center San Jose , CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Almaden Research Center San Jose , CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085935"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027117465"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085935"],"apc_list":{"value":3670,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3670},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.6763,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":886,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99000714,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"1","first_page":"39","last_page":"76"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-monotonic-logic","display_name":"Non-monotonic logic","score":0.6489598751068115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extension","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","score":0.5901918411254883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.5646487474441528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5014481544494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49557745456695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/belief-revision","display_name":"Belief revision","score":0.47282421588897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.45990464091300964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4596762955188751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemic-modal-logic","display_name":"Epistemic modal logic","score":0.41614818572998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3669106960296631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.3656272292137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/description-logic","display_name":"Description logic","score":0.2615084648132324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.23652464151382446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodal-logic","display_name":"Multimodal logic","score":0.1657482385635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.10082992911338806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.06326761841773987}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159032336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488768","display_name":"Non-monotonic logic","level":2,"score":0.6489598751068115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.5901918411254883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5646487474441528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5014481544494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49557745456695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128913409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3566063","display_name":"Belief revision","level":2,"score":0.47282421588897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.45990464091300964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4596762955188751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107247716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1347436","display_name":"Epistemic modal logic","level":4,"score":0.41614818572998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3669106960296631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3656272292137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102993220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387196","display_name":"Description logic","level":2,"score":0.2615084648132324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.23652464151382446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203659156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934805","display_name":"Multimodal logic","level":3,"score":0.1657482385635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.10082992911338806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.06326761841773987}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0004-3702(87)90003-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(87)90003-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.72.5271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.72.5271","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.almaden.ibm.com/cs/people/fagin/ai88.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5642659","https://openalex.org/W71999380","https://openalex.org/W72112009","https://openalex.org/W107342799","https://openalex.org/W580584876","https://openalex.org/W1497906457","https://openalex.org/W1527588453","https://openalex.org/W1531368347","https://openalex.org/W1534789503","https://openalex.org/W1541821187","https://openalex.org/W1570099385","https://openalex.org/W1588085858","https://openalex.org/W1593617641","https://openalex.org/W1685438685","https://openalex.org/W1875606851","https://openalex.org/W1988777029","https://openalex.org/W1992670332","https://openalex.org/W1996360405","https://openalex.org/W2003227046","https://openalex.org/W2009844825","https://openalex.org/W2010508644","https://openalex.org/W2014471917","https://openalex.org/W2034576617","https://openalex.org/W2040402984","https://openalex.org/W2042690899","https://openalex.org/W2073491323","https://openalex.org/W2075277371","https://openalex.org/W2091343125","https://openalex.org/W2092431596","https://openalex.org/W2101982422","https://openalex.org/W2127554421","https://openalex.org/W2144347980","https://openalex.org/W2144752539","https://openalex.org/W2147493055","https://openalex.org/W2148717074","https://openalex.org/W2163751633","https://openalex.org/W2294404229","https://openalex.org/W4232836212","https://openalex.org/W4241387086","https://openalex.org/W4245266864","https://openalex.org/W6602925811","https://openalex.org/W6629606834","https://openalex.org/W6632303655","https://openalex.org/W6634040225","https://openalex.org/W6635012917","https://openalex.org/W6642965676","https://openalex.org/W6652938186","https://openalex.org/W6654618685","https://openalex.org/W6655998101","https://openalex.org/W6673477263","https://openalex.org/W6678997743","https://openalex.org/W6681589381","https://openalex.org/W7055558834"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2352495365","https://openalex.org/W4251067554","https://openalex.org/W2069998960","https://openalex.org/W2033571057","https://openalex.org/W2320266418","https://openalex.org/W1488304818","https://openalex.org/W129024758","https://openalex.org/W2074934885","https://openalex.org/W832804862","https://openalex.org/W2745011426"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":50}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}