{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018830344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(86)90068-8","title":"Making believers out of computers","display_name":"Making believers out of computers","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018830344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(86)90068-8","mag":"2018830344"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0004-3702(86)90068-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(86)90068-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025681351","display_name":"Hector J. Levesque","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hector J. Levesque","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A4","Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario CANADA M5S 1A4#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A4","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario CANADA M5S 1A4#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025681351"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":{"value":3670,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3670},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.8097,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":232,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98405104,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"1","first_page":"81","last_page":"108"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11727","display_name":"Advanced Algebra and Logic","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7593961954116821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.7098830938339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6787770986557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expressive-power","display_name":"Expressive power","score":0.5848390460014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-based-systems","display_name":"Knowledge-based systems","score":0.5172234773635864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-representation-and-reasoning","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","score":0.5077420473098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48746824264526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.47643905878067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-of-inference","display_name":"Rule of inference","score":0.4474770426750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-extraction","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","score":0.4359927475452423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.4238804578781128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.29217544198036194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2382984161376953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7593961954116821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.7098830938339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6787770986557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195818886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421724","display_name":"Expressive power","level":2,"score":0.5848390460014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115925183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412694","display_name":"Knowledge-based systems","level":2,"score":0.5172234773635864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.5077420473098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48746824264526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.47643905878067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3746660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068763","display_name":"Rule of inference","level":2,"score":0.4474770426750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120567893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1582085","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","level":2,"score":0.4359927475452423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.4238804578781128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.29217544198036194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2382984161376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0004-3702(86)90068-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(86)90068-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W70831438","https://openalex.org/W168384132","https://openalex.org/W174166643","https://openalex.org/W193875293","https://openalex.org/W200551822","https://openalex.org/W1496545610","https://openalex.org/W1496832333","https://openalex.org/W1531047368","https://openalex.org/W1570099385","https://openalex.org/W1593617641","https://openalex.org/W1700321101","https://openalex.org/W1860592703","https://openalex.org/W2014471917","https://openalex.org/W2021693981","https://openalex.org/W2035346816","https://openalex.org/W2060390922","https://openalex.org/W2069767473","https://openalex.org/W2127140110","https://openalex.org/W2148717074","https://openalex.org/W2155322595","https://openalex.org/W2157342732","https://openalex.org/W2177034198","https://openalex.org/W2626618164","https://openalex.org/W2738829670","https://openalex.org/W2913048656","https://openalex.org/W3020891513","https://openalex.org/W4249939412","https://openalex.org/W6602890221","https://openalex.org/W6606901533","https://openalex.org/W6607019938","https://openalex.org/W6607840416","https://openalex.org/W6608160633","https://openalex.org/W6629573338","https://openalex.org/W6631751113","https://openalex.org/W6634040225","https://openalex.org/W6659058693","https://openalex.org/W6663818991","https://openalex.org/W6668008563","https://openalex.org/W6679196470","https://openalex.org/W6681589381","https://openalex.org/W6683196877","https://openalex.org/W6836208113"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512106414","https://openalex.org/W1520100787","https://openalex.org/W3148901273","https://openalex.org/W2357854711","https://openalex.org/W1979978247","https://openalex.org/W2904591968","https://openalex.org/W2120373349","https://openalex.org/W3045387744","https://openalex.org/W1838463810","https://openalex.org/W1968255854"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
