{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013993350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(82)90038-8","title":"The organization of expert systems, a tutorial","display_name":"The organization of expert systems, a tutorial","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2013993350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(82)90038-8","mag":"2013993350"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0004-3702(82)90038-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(82)90038-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009330191","display_name":"Mark Stefik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3134-6031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173498003","display_name":"Palo Alto Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0529fxt39","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173498003","https://openalex.org/I4210132870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mark Stefik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173498003"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003399263","display_name":"Jan S. Aikins","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173498003","display_name":"Palo Alto Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0529fxt39","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173498003","https://openalex.org/I4210132870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Aikins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173498003"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103837183","display_name":"Robert Balzer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173498003","display_name":"Palo Alto Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0529fxt39","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173498003","https://openalex.org/I4210132870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Balzer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173498003"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044471295","display_name":"John W. Benoit","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173498003","display_name":"Palo Alto Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0529fxt39","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173498003","https://openalex.org/I4210132870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Benoit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173498003"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109146935","display_name":"Lawrence Birnbaum","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173498003","display_name":"Palo Alto Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0529fxt39","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173498003","https://openalex.org/I4210132870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence Birnbaum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173498003"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069193497","display_name":"Frederick Hayes\u2010Roth","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173498003","display_name":"Palo Alto Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0529fxt39","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173498003","https://openalex.org/I4210132870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederick Hayes-Roth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173498003"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088070089","display_name":"Earl D. Sacerdoti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173498003","display_name":"Palo Alto Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0529fxt39","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173498003","https://openalex.org/I4210132870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Earl Sacerdoti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173498003"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009330191"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173498003"],"apc_list":{"value":3670,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3670},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":59.9397,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":235,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99921569,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"135","last_page":"173"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.979200005531311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6830881834030151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-system","display_name":"Expert system","score":0.6753199696540833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.6512948274612427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.5698481798171997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5521013140678406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41755905747413635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3312699496746063}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6830881834030151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.6753199696540833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6512948274612427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.5698481798171997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5521013140678406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41755905747413635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3312699496746063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0004-3702(82)90038-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(82)90038-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9419878","https://openalex.org/W78127136","https://openalex.org/W153340138","https://openalex.org/W182721707","https://openalex.org/W1485493958","https://openalex.org/W1514436817","https://openalex.org/W1536505220","https://openalex.org/W1552704885","https://openalex.org/W1564733196","https://openalex.org/W1566211337","https://openalex.org/W1605514313","https://openalex.org/W1613651675","https://openalex.org/W1968833464","https://openalex.org/W1968846240","https://openalex.org/W1976303542","https://openalex.org/W1980351672","https://openalex.org/W1981627423","https://openalex.org/W1989483184","https://openalex.org/W2005004006","https://openalex.org/W2015071685","https://openalex.org/W2021337406","https://openalex.org/W2021409761","https://openalex.org/W2033755422","https://openalex.org/W2038118137","https://openalex.org/W2051768896","https://openalex.org/W2053468479","https://openalex.org/W2060482235","https://openalex.org/W2081885809","https://openalex.org/W2086457680","https://openalex.org/W2110093720","https://openalex.org/W2110293626","https://openalex.org/W2111298660","https://openalex.org/W2137095888","https://openalex.org/W2138162238","https://openalex.org/W2152475379","https://openalex.org/W2157368609","https://openalex.org/W2158270697","https://openalex.org/W2163767584","https://openalex.org/W3021292343","https://openalex.org/W3023105709","https://openalex.org/W3088075269","https://openalex.org/W3196332710","https://openalex.org/W4302603702","https://openalex.org/W6606109296","https://openalex.org/W6607458937","https://openalex.org/W6629098414","https://openalex.org/W6630677893","https://openalex.org/W6631639561","https://openalex.org/W6632045743","https://openalex.org/W6633149838","https://openalex.org/W6633996426","https://openalex.org/W6636342449","https://openalex.org/W6651518430","https://openalex.org/W6654003987","https://openalex.org/W6676439600","https://openalex.org/W6680244570","https://openalex.org/W6680341452"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585007175","https://openalex.org/W2389542812","https://openalex.org/W2382521049","https://openalex.org/W2381894592","https://openalex.org/W2144385241","https://openalex.org/W2030629278","https://openalex.org/W4235667779","https://openalex.org/W2165950148","https://openalex.org/W1752292405","https://openalex.org/W4253593777"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
