{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416595446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44213-025-00066-3","title":"Multiscale thermal optimization of 3D-printed walls: integrating structure, material, and process with fire-thermal synergy","display_name":"Multiscale thermal optimization of 3D-printed walls: integrating structure, material, and process with fire-thermal synergy","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416595446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44213-025-00066-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44213-025-00066-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44213-025-00066-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44213-025-00066-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44213-025-00066-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387286354","display_name":"City and Built Environment","issn_l":"2435-7936","issn":["2435-7936"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"City and Built Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44213-025-00066-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102656122","display_name":"Renyu Geng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44468530","display_name":"Qingdao University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01qzc0f54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renyu Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Innovation Institute for Sustainable Maritime Architecture Research and Technology (iSMART), Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovation Institute for Sustainable Maritime Architecture Research and Technology (iSMART), Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112795618","display_name":"Jinming Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8204-977X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8204-977X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17056963","display_name":"The University of Kitakyushu","ror":"https://ror.org/03mfefw72","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17056963"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44468530","display_name":"Qingdao University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01qzc0f54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}],"countries":["CN","JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinming Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, 808-0135, Japan","Innovation Institute for Sustainable Maritime Architecture Research and Technology (iSMART), Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, 808-0135, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17056963"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovation Institute for Sustainable Maritime Architecture Research and Technology (iSMART), Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pengcong Du","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44468530","display_name":"Qingdao University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01qzc0f54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengcong Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068273269","display_name":"Huiliang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9534-9595","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9534-9595"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44468530","display_name":"Qingdao University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01qzc0f54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiliang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ruiyan Yu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44468530","display_name":"Qingdao University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01qzc0f54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruiyan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Innovation Institute for Sustainable Maritime Architecture Research and Technology (iSMART), Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, China","School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovation Institute for Sustainable Maritime Architecture Research and Technology (iSMART), Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075969794","display_name":"Weijun Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0299-3686","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0299-3686","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9077-0752"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17056963","display_name":"The University of Kitakyushu","ror":"https://ror.org/03mfefw72","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17056963"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44468530","display_name":"Qingdao University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01qzc0f54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}],"countries":["CN","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weijun Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, 808-0135, Japan","Innovation Institute for Sustainable Maritime Architecture Research and Technology (iSMART), Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, 808-0135, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17056963"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovation Institute for Sustainable Maritime Architecture Research and Technology (iSMART), Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112795618"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17056963","https://openalex.org/I44468530"],"apc_list":{"value":1390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1390},"apc_paid":{"value":1390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1390},"fwci":0.8719,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74759859,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13263","display_name":"Building energy efficiency and sustainability","score":0.011099999770522118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.005100000184029341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-manufacturing-in-construction","display_name":"additive manufacturing in construction","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-performance","display_name":"thermal performance","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-conductivity-anisotropy","display_name":"anisotropic thermal conductivity","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-insulation","display_name":"thermal insulation","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-inertia","display_name":"thermal inertia","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-change-materials","display_name":"phase change materials","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-glass","display_name":"waste glass","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cork","display_name":"cork","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fire-safety","display_name":"fire safety","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bio-inspired-structures","display_name":"bio-inspired structures","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sandwich-composites","display_name":"sandwich composites","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cavity-structure","display_name":"cavity structure","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-envelope","display_name":"building envelope","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiscale-optimization","display_name":"multi-scale optimization","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-twin","display_name":"digital twin","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-objective-design","display_name":"multi-objective design","score":0.675000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97346530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005","display_name":"Thermal conductivity","level":2,"score":0.6496000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.6157000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5946000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5181000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5169000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.5022000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4255000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64839514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918306","display_name":"Thermal insulation","level":3,"score":0.41499999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4117000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777152284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17590603","display_name":"Material Design","level":2,"score":0.40049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778119658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806889","display_name":"Phase-change material","level":3,"score":0.3783000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5266672","display_name":"Development (topology)","level":2,"score":0.3781999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31555180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3523867","display_name":"Material properties","level":2,"score":0.3693999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.3684000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137693562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628","display_name":"Thermal resistance","level":3,"score":0.3643999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.351500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107861326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209233","display_name":"Thermal energy","level":2,"score":0.3418000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114834414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15477170","display_name":"Thermal management of electronic devices and systems","level":2,"score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.30410000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48262172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16908765","display_name":"Design process","level":3,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987912017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27787358","display_name":"Fire resistance","level":2,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34972735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920267","display_name":"Engineering design process","level":2,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133256868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180940","display_name":"Phase change","level":2,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85725439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466686","display_name":"Anisotropy","level":2,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183287310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142963","display_name":"Thermal energy storage","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44213-025-00066-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44213-025-00066-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44213-025-00066-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44213-025-00066-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387286354","display_name":"City and Built Environment","issn_l":"2435-7936","issn":["2435-7936"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"City and Built Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44213-025-00066-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44213-025-00066-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44213-025-00066-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44213-025-00066-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387286354","display_name":"City and Built Environment","issn_l":"2435-7936","issn":["2435-7936"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"City and Built Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5142999887466431},{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4000000059604645}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416595446.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416595446.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2163121678","https://openalex.org/W2344513838","https://openalex.org/W2523483446","https://openalex.org/W2747578198","https://openalex.org/W2767144295","https://openalex.org/W2790506024","https://openalex.org/W2793435880","https://openalex.org/W2886982351","https://openalex.org/W2898512753","https://openalex.org/W2900608483","https://openalex.org/W2928876706","https://openalex.org/W2929830173","https://openalex.org/W2932253668","https://openalex.org/W2944954160","https://openalex.org/W2946953795","https://openalex.org/W2951802370","https://openalex.org/W2957412640","https://openalex.org/W2962929317","https://openalex.org/W2979902195","https://openalex.org/W3006827277","https://openalex.org/W3019762203","https://openalex.org/W3022372809","https://openalex.org/W3049055476","https://openalex.org/W3087555034","https://openalex.org/W3093918900","https://openalex.org/W3132662150","https://openalex.org/W3133081345","https://openalex.org/W3149737068","https://openalex.org/W3155783559","https://openalex.org/W3158863374","https://openalex.org/W3165957246","https://openalex.org/W3170251315","https://openalex.org/W3174510524","https://openalex.org/W3203556151","https://openalex.org/W3212975868","https://openalex.org/W4210248469","https://openalex.org/W4220781635","https://openalex.org/W4229013555","https://openalex.org/W4281854464","https://openalex.org/W4282561598","https://openalex.org/W4285603478","https://openalex.org/W4289527269","https://openalex.org/W4292358240","https://openalex.org/W4293659589","https://openalex.org/W4300818490","https://openalex.org/W4308031448","https://openalex.org/W4312159842","https://openalex.org/W4313555350","https://openalex.org/W4318678672","https://openalex.org/W4321502949","https://openalex.org/W4321793802","https://openalex.org/W4376278566","https://openalex.org/W4380880258","https://openalex.org/W4382361372","https://openalex.org/W4384564852","https://openalex.org/W4384929489","https://openalex.org/W4385690920","https://openalex.org/W4386006202","https://openalex.org/W4386098972","https://openalex.org/W4386783513","https://openalex.org/W4388334646","https://openalex.org/W4388414632","https://openalex.org/W4389257329","https://openalex.org/W4391251580","https://openalex.org/W4391781690","https://openalex.org/W4392106453","https://openalex.org/W4392453212","https://openalex.org/W4392858744","https://openalex.org/W4393295262","https://openalex.org/W4393333931","https://openalex.org/W4394904118","https://openalex.org/W4396792541","https://openalex.org/W4404958455","https://openalex.org/W4406272050","https://openalex.org/W4407039456","https://openalex.org/W4409017050","https://openalex.org/W4409988463","https://openalex.org/W4410717806"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"rapid":[2],"development":[3,138],"of":[4,49,90,127,139],"3D":[5],"printing":[6,42],"in":[7],"construction":[8],"presents":[9],"new":[10],"opportunities":[11],"to":[12,29,31,67],"enhance":[13,80],"building":[14,172],"energy":[15],"efficiency":[16],"through":[17],"optimized":[18],"wall":[19],"systems.":[20],"This":[21,158],"review":[22,159],"systematically":[23],"analyzes":[24],"99":[25],"studies":[26],"from":[27],"2018":[28],"2025":[30],"elucidate":[32],"the":[33,46,88,137],"multiscale":[34,144],"interactions":[35],"among":[36],"structural":[37],"topology,":[38],"material":[39],"composition,":[40],"and":[41,77,82,97,120,130,155,169],"processes":[43],"that":[44,55],"govern":[45],"thermal":[47,56,83,101,128],"performance":[48,147],"3D-printed":[50,171],"walls.":[51],"Key":[52],"findings":[53],"indicate":[54],"conductivity":[57],"exhibits":[58],"strong":[59],"anisotropy":[60],"(X":[61],">":[62,64],"Y":[63],"Z)":[65],"due":[66],"layer-by-layer":[68],"extrusion,":[69],"while":[70],"internal":[71],"configurations\u2014such":[72],"as":[73],"cavities,":[74],"sandwich":[75],"composites,":[76],"bio-inspired":[78],"structures\u2014significantly":[79],"insulation":[81],"inertia.":[84],"Material":[85],"modifications,":[86],"including":[87],"incorporation":[89],"phase":[91],"change":[92],"materials,":[93,142],"waste":[94],"glass,":[95],"ETM,":[96],"cork,":[98],"further":[99],"improve":[100],"performance,":[102],"though":[103],"potential":[104],"trade-offs":[105],"with":[106],"mechanical":[107],"strength":[108],"must":[109],"be":[110],"considered.":[111],"Additionally,":[112],"synergistic":[113],"fire\u2013thermal":[114],"design":[115,153],"strategies,":[116],"leveraging":[117],"fire-resistant":[118],"composites":[119],"layered":[121],"functional":[122],"systems,":[123],"enable":[124],"simultaneous":[125],"optimization":[126],"resistance":[129],"fire":[131],"safety.":[132],"Future":[133],"research":[134],"directions":[135],"include":[136],"thermally":[140,167],"adaptive":[141],"data-driven":[143],"optimization,":[145],"real-time":[146],"monitoring":[148],"via":[149],"digital":[150],"twins,":[151],"multi-objective":[152],"frameworks,":[154],"climate-responsive":[156],"standardization.":[157],"provides":[160],"a":[161],"comprehensive":[162],"framework":[163],"for":[164],"designing":[165],"high-performance,":[166],"efficient,":[168],"fire-safe":[170],"envelopes.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2025-11-25T00:00:00"}
