{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412045278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-025-10194-4","title":"Numerical Analysis of Coaxially 3D Printed Lunar Habitats: Integrating Regolith and PCM for Passive Temperature Control","display_name":"Numerical Analysis of Coaxially 3D Printed Lunar Habitats: Integrating Regolith and PCM for Passive Temperature Control","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412045278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-025-10194-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12217-025-10194-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-025-10194-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12217-025-10194-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185523233","display_name":"Microgravity Science and Technology","issn_l":"0938-0108","issn":["0938-0108","1875-0494"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microgravity Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12217-025-10194-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080642768","display_name":"A. Borshchak Kachalov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1226-038X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Borshchak Kachalov","raw_affiliation_strings":["E-USOC, Center for Computational Simulation, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Aeron\u00e1utica y del Espacio, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Plaza Cardenal Cisneros 3, 28040, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"E-USOC, Center for Computational Simulation, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Aeron\u00e1utica y del Espacio, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Plaza Cardenal Cisneros 3, 28040, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057313074","display_name":"P. S\u00e1nchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9528-4285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Salgado S\u00e1nchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["E-USOC, Center for Computational Simulation, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Aeron\u00e1utica y del Espacio, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Plaza Cardenal Cisneros 3, 28040, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"E-USOC, Center for Computational Simulation, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Aeron\u00e1utica y del Espacio, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Plaza Cardenal Cisneros 3, 28040, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032725440","display_name":"Md. Tusher Mollah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8678-8908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. T. Mollah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054934672","display_name":"J.M. Ezquerro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8863-298X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. M. Ezquerro","raw_affiliation_strings":["E-USOC, Center for Computational Simulation, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Aeron\u00e1utica y del Espacio, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Plaza Cardenal Cisneros 3, 28040, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"E-USOC, Center for Computational Simulation, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Aeron\u00e1utica y del Espacio, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Plaza Cardenal Cisneros 3, 28040, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066476168","display_name":"Jon Spangenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5411-6821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Spangenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075357516","display_name":"Berin \u0160eta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5989-1122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. \u0160eta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080642768"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"],"apc_list":{"value":2790,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3590},"apc_paid":{"value":2790,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3590},"fwci":15.2672,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98403971,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13200","display_name":"Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13200","display_name":"Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12513","display_name":"Rocket and propulsion systems research","score":0.9714000225067139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regolith","display_name":"Regolith","score":0.8978761434555054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-control","display_name":"Temperature control","score":0.5165709257125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5093904137611389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5068355202674866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printed","display_name":"3d printed","score":0.45611828565597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrobiology","display_name":"Astrobiology","score":0.3903721272945404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.3459532856941223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15721353888511658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.11978393793106079}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41642174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106551","display_name":"Regolith","level":2,"score":0.8978761434555054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.5165709257125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5093904137611389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5068355202674866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019308078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3d printed","level":2,"score":0.45611828565597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.3903721272945404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.3459532856941223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15721353888511658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.11978393793106079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12217-025-10194-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-025-10194-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12217-025-10194-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185523233","display_name":"Microgravity Science and Technology","issn_l":"0938-0108","issn":["0938-0108","1875-0494"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microgravity Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12217-025-10194-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-025-10194-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12217-025-10194-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185523233","display_name":"Microgravity Science and Technology","issn_l":"0938-0108","issn":["0938-0108","1875-0494"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microgravity Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2992956699","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020-115086GB-C31","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4065092786","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0223-00084B","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313796","funder_display_name":"Innovationsfonden"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5805502524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G63810569","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020-115086GB-C31","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6589649124","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6731524417","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313796","display_name":"Innovationsfonden","ror":"https://ror.org/00daj4111"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323153","display_name":"Danmarks Tekniske Universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412045278.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412045278.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1575701986","https://openalex.org/W1652596275","https://openalex.org/W1981198569","https://openalex.org/W2012972327","https://openalex.org/W2016116460","https://openalex.org/W2023248330","https://openalex.org/W2023953613","https://openalex.org/W2050779718","https://openalex.org/W2052354644","https://openalex.org/W2057975276","https://openalex.org/W2066637873","https://openalex.org/W2074779544","https://openalex.org/W2087960686","https://openalex.org/W2091499068","https://openalex.org/W2202435413","https://openalex.org/W2595386390","https://openalex.org/W2775019528","https://openalex.org/W2943459740","https://openalex.org/W3007058325","https://openalex.org/W3017302313","https://openalex.org/W3084406824","https://openalex.org/W3088022790","https://openalex.org/W3094269222","https://openalex.org/W3120785504","https://openalex.org/W3126184552","https://openalex.org/W3156979683","https://openalex.org/W3175478679","https://openalex.org/W3184361231","https://openalex.org/W3185196912","https://openalex.org/W3185953172","https://openalex.org/W3196607591","https://openalex.org/W3206637684","https://openalex.org/W3206897274","https://openalex.org/W4200528561","https://openalex.org/W4214564291","https://openalex.org/W4220909843","https://openalex.org/W4224286520","https://openalex.org/W4280561658","https://openalex.org/W4285280420","https://openalex.org/W4285678815","https://openalex.org/W4292230849","https://openalex.org/W4293010868","https://openalex.org/W4293330447","https://openalex.org/W4295023817","https://openalex.org/W4321254746","https://openalex.org/W4323361688","https://openalex.org/W4324065543","https://openalex.org/W4376491364","https://openalex.org/W4377139343","https://openalex.org/W4381462737","https://openalex.org/W4383373759","https://openalex.org/W4384993143","https://openalex.org/W4385880109","https://openalex.org/W4386024489","https://openalex.org/W4387631155","https://openalex.org/W4390350148","https://openalex.org/W4390512162","https://openalex.org/W4391286928","https://openalex.org/W4393128466","https://openalex.org/W4393332771","https://openalex.org/W4397023961","https://openalex.org/W4398131477","https://openalex.org/W4400534434","https://openalex.org/W4401598496","https://openalex.org/W4402038697","https://openalex.org/W4403093139","https://openalex.org/W4403866416","https://openalex.org/W4406145910","https://openalex.org/W4406864877","https://openalex.org/W4408089051","https://openalex.org/W4409557776","https://openalex.org/W6669981688"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368710213","https://openalex.org/W4385839086","https://openalex.org/W2571294249","https://openalex.org/W3185798965","https://openalex.org/W78712143","https://openalex.org/W4387702593","https://openalex.org/W2138333790","https://openalex.org/W4234533497","https://openalex.org/W4313509445","https://openalex.org/W4378740262"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Space":[1],"research":[2],"is":[3,45,184],"shifting":[4],"its":[5],"focus":[6],"from":[7,231],"low-gravity":[8],"platforms":[9],"to":[10,22,162,186,228],"Moon":[11,246],"and":[12,29,59,137,159,170,213,216,223,247],"Mars":[13],"exploration,":[14],"requiring":[15],"advanced":[16],"habitat":[17,68,92,214],"construction.":[18],"This":[19],"paper":[20],"proposes":[21],"integrate":[23],"the":[24,49,66,86,91,125,130,140,155,164,168,175,218,245],"3D":[25,77],"printing":[26,43,78,96],"of":[27,52,90,129,134,220],"regolith":[28,54,136,222],"Phase":[30],"Change":[31],"Materials":[32],"(PCM),":[33],"with":[34,79],"a":[35,53,60,71,80,111,116,237],"particular":[36],"interest":[37],"in":[38,70,167,178,240],"lunar":[39],"habitats.":[40],"A":[41],"coaxial":[42,81],"approach":[44],"numerically":[46],"analyzed,":[47],"enabling":[48,241],"simultaneous":[50],"deposition":[51],"shell,":[55],"providing":[56],"structural":[57],"integrity,":[58],"PCM":[61,105],"core":[62,106],"that":[63,76,147],"helps":[64],"regulate":[65],"interior":[67],"temperature":[69,166,191],"passive":[72],"manner.":[73],"Simulations":[74],"show":[75],"nozzle":[82],"can":[83,149,235],"effectively":[84,187],"control":[85,163],"shell-core":[87],"(internal)":[88],"structure":[89],"wall":[93,156,160],"by":[94,99],"adjusting":[95],"parameters":[97],"or":[98,115,180],"constructing":[100],"multi-strand":[101],"composite":[102],"walls.":[103],"The":[104],"becomes":[107],"thicker":[108],"when":[109],"using":[110],"smaller":[112],"layer":[113],"height":[114],"higher":[117],"extrusion":[118],"speed":[119],"during":[120],"printing.":[121],"We":[122],"then":[123],"examine":[124],"expected":[126],"thermal":[127,211],"response":[128],"habitat,":[131],"initially":[132],"made":[133],"pure":[135],"later":[138],"incorporating":[139],"PCM.":[141],"With":[142],"just":[143],"regolith,":[144],"results":[145],"indicate":[146],"one":[148],"select":[150],"adequate":[151],"thermo-optical":[152],"properties":[153],"at":[154],"external":[157],"boundary,":[158],"thickness,":[161],"mean":[165],"interior,":[169],"associated":[171],"fluctuations,":[172],"respectively.":[173],"Incorporating":[174],"PCM,":[176],"either":[177],"single":[179],"multiple":[181],"regolith-PCM":[182],"strands,":[183],"shown":[185],"stabilize":[188],"this":[189,233],"internal":[190],"(":[192],"$$\\Delta":[193],"T_\\textrm{i}":[194],"\\rightarrow":[195],"0$$":[196],"<mml:math":[197],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">":[198],"<mml:mrow>":[199],"<mml:mi>\u0394</mml:mi>":[200],"<mml:msub>":[201],"<mml:mi>T</mml:mi>":[202],"<mml:mtext>i</mml:mtext>":[203],"</mml:msub>":[204],"<mml:mo>\u2192</mml:mo>":[205],"<mml:mn>0</mml:mn>":[206],"</mml:mrow>":[207],"</mml:math>":[208],"K),":[209],"improving":[210],"performance":[212],"design,":[215],"reducing":[217],"quantity":[219],"required":[221],"binder.":[224],"Since":[225],"binder":[226],"has":[227],"be":[229,236],"brought":[230],"Earth,":[232],"reduction":[234],"major":[238],"factor":[239],"sustainable":[242],"construction":[243],"on":[244],"beyond.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
